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Cell Structure & Function

Cell Structure & Function. http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html. Cell Theory. All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. Definition of Cell.

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Cell Structure & Function

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  1. Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

  2. Cell Theory • All living things are made up of cells. • Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. • All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

  3. Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

  4. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell

  5. Cells, Cells, Cells! • Contain organelles surrounded by membranes • Most living organisms Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

  6. “Typical” Plant Cell http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

  7. “Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

  8. Cell Parts Organelles

  9. Surrounding the Cell

  10. Cell Membrane • Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell • Double layer • “Outer limits of the city” http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  11. Cell Wall • Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria • Supports & protects cells http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  12. Inside the Cell

  13. Nucleus • Directs cell activities • Contains genetic material – DNA • Like the “city hall” or “master computer” of the cell

  14. Nuclear Membrane • Surrounds nucleus • Made of two layers • Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  15. Chromosomes • In nucleus • Made of DNA • Contain instructions for traits & characteristics http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  16. Nucleolus • Inside nucleus • Contains RNA to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  17. Cytoplasm • Gel-like mixture • Surrounded by cell membrane • Contains hereditary material • It’s the “jello” in fruit gelatin

  18. Ribosomes • Each cell contains thousands • Make proteins • Found on endoplasmic reticulum & floating throughout the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  19. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Moves materials around in cell • Smooth type: lacks ribosomes • Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface • “The highway of the cell” http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  20. Mitochondria • Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates • Controls level of water and other materials in cell • Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  21. Golgi Bodies • Protein 'packaging plant' • Move materials within the cell • Move materials out of the cell • “The UPS of the cell” http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  22. Lysosome • Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates • Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal • “The trash compactor of the cell” http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  23. Animal Cells vs. Plant Cells

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