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Ink jetting

Ink jetting. sami.franssila@aalto.fi. Drop-on-demand ink jet. Ink jet firing sequence. Continuos ink jet (CIJ). Derby: Annu Rev. Mater.Res 2010. Numbers. nozzles 20-30 µm in diameter droplet volumes 10-20 pl pixel size on paper 50 µm shooting frequency up to 10 kHz. Ink jet imaged.

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Ink jetting

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  1. Ink jetting sami.franssila@aalto.fi

  2. Drop-on-demand ink jet

  3. Ink jet firing sequence

  4. Continuos ink jet (CIJ) Derby: Annu Rev. Mater.Res 2010

  5. Numbers • nozzles 20-30 µm in diameter • droplet volumes 10-20 pl • pixel size on paper 50 µm • shooting frequency up to 10 kHz

  6. Ink jet imaged P.Koltay (IMTEK, Freiburg) in Oosterbroek: Lab-on-a-Chip

  7. Reynolds number (Re) • ratio of inertial to viscous forces • Re = ρνD/η • ρ = density of fluid (kg/m3) • ν = linear velocity (m/s) • D = dimension of the system, diameter (m) • η = viscosity of the fluid (Pa*s = kg/m*s) • viscosity is the quantity that describes a fluid's resistance to flow • small Re means large viscous forces

  8. Weber number Transducers 2007 p.165

  9. Ohnesorge number Transducers 2007 p.165

  10. Ink jet regimes

  11. Fluidics (3) Transducers 2007 p.165

  12. Ink properties (1) • ink viscosity: 8-15 mPa*s, 20 mPa*s limit (water 1 mPa*s) • surface tension: 28-35 mN/m, even 350 (water 72 mN/m) • higher temperature, viscosity down ( able to print high Mw polymers) • particles difficult: clogging

  13. Ink properties (2) • Water-Based Ink Jet Ink • Ingredients Amount Function • Water 50%-90% Ink Solvent • Colourant 1%-15% Colour Source • Co-Solvent/Humectant 2%-20% Ink vehicle, prevents evaporation • Fixative/Penetrant 0%-10% Assist fixing the ink to substrate • Surfactant 0.1%-6% Surface tension and wetting • Resin 0.2%-10% Durability and adhesion • Biocide 0.02%-0.4% Prevents bacterial growth • Fungicide 0.01%-0.4% Prevents fungal growth • Buffering Agent 0.05%-1% Control ink pH level • Other 0.01%-1% Controls specific characteristics http://www.mrinkjet.com/inkreport.htm

  14. Thermal ink jet in silicon

  15. Thermal ink jet MEMS Handbook

  16. Top shooters

  17. Sideshooter

  18. Arrays of nozzles Gad-el-Hak: MEMS Handbook

  19. Graphic printing vs. Functional materials printing Functional materials perform something, • Conduct electricity • Respond to enzymes • Show iridicence • Bend mechanically • Host cells

  20. Line definition: droplet spacing & overlap • Silver nanoparticle printing of conductor lines. • Droplets too sparsely • Wavyness still seen • Optimal • Too much liquid leads to bulging

  21. Drop spreading & temperature Substrate temperature is a standard variable in ink jetting experiments. It directly affects surface tension and viscosity and therefore spreading on substrate.

  22. Film formation

  23. Surface coverage

  24. Nanoparticle inks Murata

  25. Metal salt inks

  26. Ink jet etching I.M. Hutchings: Ink-jet printing in micro-mabufacturing, 4M/ICOMM 2009

  27. 3D ink jetting I.M. Hutchings: Ink-jet printing in micro-mabufacturing, 4M/ICOMM 2009

  28. Competition:Laser-assisted maskless microdeposition Alemohammad: J. Micromech. Microeng. 18 (2008) 115015 (12pp)

  29. Laser-assisted maskless microdeposition (2) Alemohammad: J. Micromech. Microeng. 18 (2008) 115015 (12pp)

  30. MDDW: microdispensing deposition write The MDDW method makes patterns on the substrate by pumping the slurry of suspended nanometal powders. Since it does not rely on the spray mechanism but direct contacting mechanism, it allows to avoid or minimize the ink from oxidation or reduction during the printing process.

  31. M3D: maskless mesoscalematerials deposition M3D method uses a mechanically or ultrasonically driven device to stir and mix the suspended nanometal powders injecting the slurry through an orifice as a mist with the help of an air injection mechanism. M3D and MDDW devices have been developed beyond the capability that the ink-jet method can perform in handling high viscous materials and they can even handle three-dimensional patterns.

  32. Ink jet dichotomies • thermal vs. piezo • continuous vs. drop-on-demand (DoD) • free pressure vs. free flow boundary conditions • printing on porous vs. hard surfaces (paper vs. overhead transparency) • printing vs. film formation • 2D patterns vs. 3D structures • solutions vs. particle-containing inks

  33. Ultimate resolution ?

  34. Creating cell patterns Ink jet printing of PLGA polymer on PS substrate. Cells attach to PLGA but not on PS.

  35. Ink jetting bacteria

  36. Printing DNA arrays

  37. Promise: fewer process steps faster, cheaper electronics Murata et al: Microsyst Technol (2005) 12: 2–7

  38. Applications: antennas (c) Inductive coil printed on fabric. (d) RFID antenna with metallic joints printed on paper. S M Bidoki, D M Lewis, M Clark, A Vakorov, P A Millner and D McGorman: J. Micromech. Microeng. 17 (2007) 967–974

  39. Applications: 3D Antenna print on a combat helmet surface by the MDDW technique. N. S. Kim, A. K. Amert, S. M. Woessner, S. Decker, S. M. Kang, and K. N. Han International Conference on Nano Science and Nano Technology, GJ-NST 2006, Korea Institute Industrial Technology,Gwangju, South Korea, 7–8 December 2006. Ko & Grigoropoulos: JMM 2010 125010

  40. Printing metallization I.M. Hutchings: Ink-jet printing in micro-mabufacturing, 4M/ICOMM 2009

  41. Printing insulators I.M. Hutchings: Ink-jet printing in micro-mabufacturing, 4M/ICOMM 2009

  42. Printing polymers I.M. Hutchings: Ink-jet printing in micro-mabufacturing, 4M/ICOMM 2009

  43. Printing further I.M. Hutchings: Ink-jet printing in micro-mabufacturing, 4M/ICOMM 2009

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