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This project, undertaken by Prešov University and key government partners, offers detailed insight into the demographic, social, and infrastructure aspects of Roma settlements in Slovakia. Through a comprehensive methodology involving fieldwork and data collection, key indicators were examined, highlighting disparities and challenges faced by the Roma population. The project's impact extends into policy-making and strategic planning for social inclusion. The Atlas presents a wealth of information on settlement types, dwellings, access to basic services, political and civic participation, and employment status. It sheds light on the living conditions of the Roma population in Slovakia, contributing to a more nuanced understanding of their circumstances and the need for targeted interventions. This comprehensive study is a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, and organizations involved in social inclusion efforts.
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The ATLAS of Roma communities in Slovakia Alexander Mušinka, Prešov University Daniel Škobla, IVPR
Theproject Atlas • Project prepared and implemented within the framework of the cost-sharing programme between the Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs and Family and UNDP. • Key partner: Prešov University, • Other partners: The Office of Roma Plenipotentiary, Associations of villages and towns in Slovakia (ZMOS). • Data were envisaged to serve for the evidence-based policy making in area of social inclusion. • Direct political impact: ATLAS was an ex-ante conditionality for the Partnership agreement for 2014-2020 programming period.
Methodology • 3 sources of information were merged: ATLAS 2004, list of Roma settlements of the Office of the Roma Plenipotentiary, Census 2011 (municipalities with more than 30 individuals self-declared as Roma) • 1,070 municipalities were visited with detailed questionnaire/list (out of total number of 2,890) • In the field-work there were engaged app. 30 researchers (Roma activists, employees of the Roma Plenipotentiary Office, university fellows -app. half of them of Roma ethnicity)
Information were collected on followingtypes of settlements: • Segregated settlements • Settlements/neigbourhoodson the edge of towns/villages • Settlement/neighbourhoods inside the towns/villages • Town/village where Roma are living dispersed among majority population
List of indicators • Total population of settlement • Number of dwelling & type(blocks of apartments/house, bricked/wooden/shacks, etc.) • Basic demographic information (e.g. age distribution) • Educational profile of residents (estimates) • Infrastructure (water/sewage, electricity/gas, lighting, waste disposal, roads, etc.) • Schools (types in the settlement/village/town, estimated numbers of Roma students, ) • Access to services (doctors/shops/pharmacy/bus stops, bankomat,/cultural house/church) • Political participation (ethnic composition of the council, political parties) • Civic participation (presence of NGOs, community centres, field social work) • Estimated unemployment/employment & main employers • Other
Total population by type of settlement • Estimates indicates population of 402 840 (those who are generally considered as “being Roma”). • According to the census by the Statistical Office SR (2011) the total population of Slovakia was 5 404 322 inhabitants – thus the share of Roma according to the Atlas is 7,45 %. • 187 285 lives mixed among majority; in other words 47% of the Roma live mixed (spatially ‘integrated’) with non-Roma. • 51 998 Roma live in settlements inside the municipality = 13% of the Roma population. • 95 971 Roma live in settlements on the edge of municipalities = 23% of Roma population in Slovakia. • 68 540 Roma live in segregated settlements =17,0% of the Roma population.
Settlements by type • There are 804 settlements in 584 municipalities. • There are 246 settlements inside village/town in 179 municipalities. • There are 327 settlements on the edge of the village/town in 305 municipalities. • There are 231 segregated settlements in 195 municipalities (average distance between settlements and village/town is 900 m; the longest distance is 7 km). • In 153 municipalities Roma population do not live dispersed among majority at all – they live in segregated settlements only.
Number and type of dwellings Roma settlements consists of 21,168 dwellings • 1,531 blocks of apartments with 10,411 individual apartments (out of which 4,936 is of “lower standard”) • 8,722 bricked houses (officially registered) • 196 wooden houses (officially registered) • 986 unfinished bricked houses (unofficial) • 3,679 bricked houses (unofficial) • 400 wooden houses (unofficial) • 4,134 shacks (unofficial) • 528 prefabricated cabins (unofficial) • 60 caravans • 62 apartments in non-residential buildings.
Access to water • Out of all dwellings 73% could be connected to water pipelines • 59 % dwellings use it • 30 % dwellings use water from wells • 11 % dwellings is without access to running water and use non-standard sources (river, springs, brooks, etc.) • In 188 Roma settlements in 152 villages/towns public water pipeline is absent • But: out of these 152 towns/villages 71 is with water pipeline (clearly indicating the unequal access to water at the local level).
Access to services • In the period of data collection there were: • 125 municipalities with community centres, out of which 19 were not working, • 66 municipalities were hygienic centres - 11 were not working, • 81 municipalities with church parishes, • 279 municipalities with field social workers, • 39 municipalities with health care mediators.
Roads leading to settlements • 600 settlements with asphalts roads, • 107 settlements with roads partially asphalt combined with other types (panel, gravel etc..), • 22 settlements with concrete roads (panels) combined with other types (gravel etc.), • 50 settlements with only gravel roads, • 25 settlements with only cart-road (´poľná cesta´).
Share of the Roma living in settlements at the edge of village/town
