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Fungi Ascomycota Saccharomycetes Candida albicans (1)

Fungi Ascomycota Saccharomycetes Candida albicans (1). kingdom. phylum. class. T. Walker, 10 Dec 03. genus. species. Taxonomy, Ecology, Epidemiology. A common commensal, normally found in mouth, gastro-intestinal tract, vagina (B, abstract)

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Fungi Ascomycota Saccharomycetes Candida albicans (1)

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  1. Fungi Ascomycota Saccharomycetes Candida albicans (1) kingdom phylum class T. Walker, 10 Dec 03 genus species

  2. Taxonomy, Ecology, Epidemiology • A common commensal, normally found in mouth, gastro-intestinal tract, vagina (B, abstract) • There is a bit of C. Albicans in the healthy intestine; bacteria that control yeast growth may by killed through overuse of: • antibiotics • too much sugar consumption (feeding C. albicans, which competes against the bacteria) • altering pH to suit fungal growth through minimal vegetable consumption (9). • Environmental presence due to human/animal contamination; b/c of this, found in food, soil, and fomites. • NOT normally found in environs, except when in mold form for transfer between hosts. • Infection by colonizing host’s organisms, e.g. the host’s hosts… (B) • Closely related to C.krusei, a cause of fungemia (derivative of sepsis) (3)

  3. Yeast form ofC.albicans(10,000x)Note the reproduction by budding

  4. Taxonomy, Ecology, Epid., c’ond; Prevention • Medically-important fungi, dimorphic [having two forms; here yeast when in host, mold in environs – this is the YM shift] • As yeast, in skin/mucous membranes; is type of opportunism (txt)

  5. Infection symptoms; • Include fatigue, sweat, pain, sore throat, fever, numbness, asthma susceptibility, sinusitis, allergies, irritabilty, abdomen pain, gas • Notable are irregular menstrual cycles/pain, or yeast rashes • Possibly due to lack of estrogen or a menstrual cycle! • If these symptoms untreated while young, may delay menarche, and menopause may come earlier (possibly early 20s).

  6. Pathogenicity; Disease • Medical abstract suggests “substantial differences in mortality, organ colonization, and severity of tissue damage” after C. albicans inoculation(A) • If lacking a certain compliment in the brain, one is more susceptible to disease caused by the fungus (A) • Candida infections one-tenth of hospital bloodstream infections • 80% AIDS patients have Candida • Move from bloodstream to organs (4) • Candidisis is a mycosis [a disease caused by fungi, here C.albicans]; recognized since early 1800s under many names (txt)

  7. Disease, con’d • The fungi normally found in body, as mentioned; growth usually limited by other organisms, but causes candidisis when uncontrolled

  8. Disease: Paronychia/onychomycosis

  9. Disease: Candidisis • Again, may be induced by overuse of antibiotics (kills systemic bacteria that control C.albicans growth); also theraputic/surgical procedures (transplants and prosthetics) that allow it to contaminate body • Also STD (txt)

  10. Disease: Candidisis • Symptoms include arthritis, various inflammations (eye, heart, abdomen) (4, txt), meningitis, myositis [muscular pain] • Vaginal form: yeast infection • Candidisis affects all organs and tissues! • Other types are oral candidisis (thrush) and diaper c’isis (when diapers moist and erratically changed) (txt)

  11. Oral candidisis: ThrushComprised of cellular debris, leukocytes, yeast cells (txt) whassup!

  12. Disease: Vulvovaginal C’isis (a reiteration, of sorts); also Prevention • +50% of women over 25yrs develop it • Again, recurrance (in less than 5% of cases) may b/c of: • Species similar to C. albicans acting “in place” of it) • Many antibiotics • Contraceptives (easier passage than dry skin) • Immunocompromization • Hyperglycemia (excess sugar) (9) • One should avoid the above factors to repel c’isis, etc.

  13. Treatment; Mortality • In vitro techniques in conjunction w/ antifungal agents may counter Candida • A suggested cure is limiting internal adherance of the fungus; this concept is not understood, however (6, abstract) • Very high mortality: 46% mean mortality from candidemia, with C.albicans involved in 70% of those deaths (5)

  14. Identification • TefI gene from C. albicans and C. dubliniensis amplified, compared to pure fungal genome (7) • Another confirmation method: • After make inoculum, compare with densitometer to known • Incubate, then use system like FungiFast to ID (similar to E-II, for those in 202) • Based on colours produced by enzymes in rxns… (8)

  15. Identification: FungiFast table

  16. Works Cited • http://www.candidapage.com/cccomp.shtml (1) • http://alces.med.umn.edu/candida/taxonomy.html (3) • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10999981&dopt=Abstract (11) • http://pathology5.pathology.jhmi.edu/micro/v16n05.htm(5) • http://www.unr.edu/mycology/(6) • http://www.int-microbio.com/Fungifast_ITwin.htm (8) • http://www.excel.net/~jaguar/candida.html (9) • http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?rendertype=abstract&artid=174007 (A) • http://www.smartcycler.com/pdfs/candidas_poster.pdf (7) • http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/9339/9935.html (E) • http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000601/3306.html (9) • Some definitions taken from www.m-w.com

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