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Russia: Reform and Reaction

Chapter 7 Section 5. Russia: Reform and Reaction. Conditions in Russia. Rigid social structure Landowning nobles Very small middle class Majority of Russians are serfs Tsar ruled with absolute power. Emancipation and Stirrings of Revolution. Crimean War. Russia attacks Ottoman Empire

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Russia: Reform and Reaction

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  1. Chapter 7 Section 5 Russia: Reform and Reaction

  2. Conditions in Russia • Rigid social structure • Landowning nobles • Very small middle class • Majority of Russians are serfs • Tsar ruled with absolute power

  3. Emancipation and Stirrings of Revolution

  4. Crimean War • Russia attacks Ottoman Empire • Tries to get land along Black Sea • Britain and France help Ottomans defeat Russia • War shows Russia’s weakness

  5. Freeing the Serfs • 1861 - Alexander II issues emancipation of all serfs

  6. Freeing the Serfs • 1861 - Alexander II issues emancipation of all serfs • Former serfs had to buy land

  7. Freeing the Serfs • 1861 - Alexander II issues emancipation of all serfs • Former serfs had to buy land • Peasants did not have money • Lands were too small to be useful

  8. Freeing the Serfs • 1861 - Alexander II issues emancipation of all serfs • Former serfs had to buy land • Peasants did not have money • Lands were too small to be useful • Peasants remained poor

  9. Freeing the Serfs • 1861 - Alexander II issues emancipation of all serfs • Former serfs had to buy land • Peasants did not have money • Lands were too small to be useful • Peasants remained poor • Many peasants moved to the cities

  10. Introducing Other Reforms • Established local governments • Trial by jury • Eased censorship • Reduced military service requirements

  11. Revolutionary Currents • Revolutionaries still wanted more • March 13, 1881 – Alexander II is assassinated

  12. Church of the Savior on Blood • Built by Alexander III

  13. Monuments to Alexander II

  14. Previewing Question • How do you think Alexander III responded?

  15. Alexander III • Repealed many reforms • Increased secret police • Restored strict censorship • Exiled critics to Siberia • Persecuted all non-Russians

  16. Persecution and Pogroms • Persecution of Jews increased • Limited number of Jews able to go to universities and work in certain jobs • Pogroms • Violent mob attacks on Jewish people • Refugees • People who flee homeland

  17. Pogroms

  18. Drive to Industrialize • Nicholas II urges industrialization • Builds Trans-Siberian railroad • Nobles and peasants feared change and opposed industrialization • Living conditions deteriorated • Socialist ideas spread through slums

  19. Trans-Siberian Railway

  20. Turning Point: Crisis and Revolution

  21. Russo-Japanese War - 1904 • Russia is defeated by Japan • Largest country in the world defeated by an island • Russia is humiliated

  22. Question • How do you think the Russian people felt about industrialization and the Tsar after the Russo-Japanese War?

  23. Bloody Sunday – January 22, 1905 • People are outraged over news of defeat • Marchers assembled outside Winter Palace (Peaceful) • Tsar was scared and fled • Soldiers open fire on masses

  24. Check for Understanding • What effect might Bloody Sunday have on the relationship between the Tsar and the people?

  25. Check for Understanding • What effect might Bloody Sunday have on the relationship between the Tsar and the people? • Bloody Sunday killed the people’s faith and trust in the Tsar

  26. Revolution of 1905 • Russia broke out into revolution • Nicholas II created the Duma • Elected national legislature • Nicholas would be last Tsar

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