無線射頻識別 論文報告

1. 無線射頻識別論文報告 授課教授:黃秋煌 教授 報告人:林裕勝

2. outline • A Hybrid Middleware for RFID-based Parking Management System using Group Communication in Overlay Networks • Smart Parking Applications Using RFID Technology • Automated Parking Slot Allocation using RFID Technology

3. A Hybrid Middleware for RFID-based Parking Management Systemusing Group Communication in Overlay Networks Young-Seok Lee and Hyunho Yang and Jaewan Lee

4. (1)Introduction • This paper present design of an electronic parking management system based on RFID technology. • Designed a middleware based on group communication in P2P networks 4

5. (1)Related Works • Peer-to-peer Middleware • peer-to-peer (P2P) : a class of systems and applications that employ distributed resources to perform a function in a distributed manner. 5

6. (1)Related Works (con’t) • Peer-to-Peer Group Communication • When a message of interest is sent, the peer-to-peer network can handle the delivery to each interested recipient. • We choose the ring topology to build the overlay network. 6

7. (1)Related Works (con’t) • Parking Management System • Electronic parking management system (ePMS) maintains a real-time parking space inventory across a set of participating facilities. • ePMS helps drivers find parking lots quickly. 7

8. (1)Architecture of Hybrid Middleware forRFID-based ePMS • Process the data from tags collected by the readers deployed in the RFID infrastructure. 8

9. (1)Architecture of Hybrid Middleware forRFID-based ePMS (con’t) • Hybrid Middleware Components • Peer Group Membership Manager - used to create all the groups. • Group Communication Coordinator - controls the rate of heartbeat messages that sends a multicast message to other member nodes. • Parking Event Manager - this node acts as the sink node for all parking events. • Service Connectors - Specific nodes are tasked to perform specialized roles in the peer groups. 9

10. (1)Architecture of Hybrid Middleware forRFID-based ePMS (con’t) • Overlay Node • The detection region of the reader can span several parking slots. • The presence detector in each slot provides the trigger • Fires the parking event (entering or leaving) • Activates the reader • Our approach describes two types of parking events: • ENTERING event • LEAVING event 10

11. (1)Architecture of Hybrid Middleware forRFID-based ePMS (con’t) • Group Communication Model • create(credentials, groupID) • join(credentials, groupID, eventHandler) • leave(credentials, groupID) • multicast(credentials, groupID, event) • send(msg, nodeID) • The deliver function handles message delivery events in each node. 11

12. (1)Architecture of Hybrid Middleware forRFID-based ePMS (con’t) 12

13. (1)Implementation of RFID-based ElectronicParking Management System • The ePMS have the following basic hardware features: • The system should be able to detect occupancy • Two types of events should be clearly distinguishable: • - entering & leaving • Distinct mechanism for two types of detection is supported: presence detection & identity detection. • Each authorized vehicle is provided a passive RFID tag • RFID readers are distributed in the parking spaces • presence detectors are installed per individual parking slot. 13

14. (1)Implementation of RFID-based ElectronicParking Management System (con’t) • Our system aims to provide the following application services for: • Real-time monitoring. • An on-demand search utility to locate a vehicle. • Automated ticket and parking fee collection is a future feature goal. 14

15. (1)Implementation of RFID-based ElectronicParking Management System (con’t) • ePMS consists of : • RFID sensors • vehicle presence detectors • host computers • communication/power infrastructure • Internet based applications for system monitoring and user queries. 15

16. (1)Implementation of RFID-based ElectronicParking Management System (con’t) 16

17. (1)Implementation of RFID-based ElectronicParking Management System (con’t) 17

18. (1)Implementation of RFID-based ElectronicParking Management System (con’t) 18

19. (1)Experimental Results 19

20. (1)Experimental Results(con’t) 20

21. (1)Summary and Conclusions • Our simulation results indicate that network performance in terms of reduced message hops and round trip delay is improved by the proposed approach. • While our work is preliminary and much improvement of the platform remains to be done. 21

22. Smart Parking Applications Using RFID Technology Zeydin PALA and Nihat INAN

23. (2)Introduction • The software aimed to handle : • The management • Controlling • Transaction • The hardware requirements,by the utilization : • RFID readers • Barriers • labels 23

24. (2)General Structure and Design of The System 24

25. (2)General Structure and Design of The System (con’t) • Database - store and manage the vehicle tracking data. • RFID reader - USB port and EM Manrin Protocol (EM4 102). • RFID labels - be read from approximately 7.62 cm distance. • Barriers - with USB port connection. 25

26. (2)General Structure and Design of The System (con’t) • How does the system work? 26

27. (2)General Structure and Design of The System (con’t) 27

28. (2)Discussion • If a vehicle doesn't have any previous records registered to the database. • If a vehicle has a previous record stored on the system. • if a vehicle checks-in to a parking-lot without RFID notification. • If a checked-in vehicle does not get checked-out. • If two vehicles enter a parking-lot side by side. • Internet disconnection during the processes. 28

29. (2)Results • All the parking-lots in a city could be operated in an economical and fast way. • A remote access and administration of the system will also be possible. • Personnel costs will be cut off. 29

30. Automated Parking Slot Allocation using RFID Technology K.Ganesan and K.Vignesh

31. (3)Introduction • Recommend a simple, and an efficient technology to bring down waiting time. • We use RFID technology for parking slot allocation. • Fitted with a passive RFID tag. 31

32. (3)Working Principle • Two RFID readers whose sensing range is about 10 meters • one at the entry point and the other at the exit point of the parking area. 32

33. (3)Working Principle(con’t) • Whenever a vehicle enters at the entry point: • Electronic Product Code is recognized by the RFID reader. • The middleware queries the database and finds the available free slots. • One of the free slots is chosen and it is assigned to the incoming vehicle. 33

34. (3)Working Principle(con’t) • If user has registered with this web server,he will be informed about the parking slot availability through Short Messaging Service periodically. • if necessary, the parking slot can be booked in advance by disseminating our mobile number. • When a reserved user enters into the parking area: • His vehicle RFID is verified first against the reserved slot. • If it matches: his slot is confirmed. • Otherwise a new slot is allocated, if available. 34

35. (3)Working Principle(con’t) • Whenever an end user drives through the exit point the RFID reader: • Senses the Electronic Product Code and passes to the middleware. • the necessary parking charges are calculated. • The slot availability status is updated by deallocating the released slot. 35

36. (3)Implementation 36

37. (3)Implementation(con’t) • Serial Port Communicator • Adapter() : makes connectivity with the RFID reader and captures the RF signal. • Process_Data() : convert the RF signal into stream of characters. • Filter() : removes the unwanted data and extracts only the Electronic Product Code. • Settings() : sets the necessary parameters. 37

38. (3)Implementation(con’t) • Free Slot Checker • Vehicle_Counter() : reports us the number of vehicles that are parked in the parking station. • Slots_Occupied() : sends the details about the number of slots occupied to the display terminal. • Slots_Updation() : uploads the slot availability details to the web server at periodic intervals (say every 2 minutes). 38

39. (3)Implementation(con’t) • Parking Charge Calculator • Vehicle_In_Time() : adds timestamp whenever the vehicle enters into the parking entrance and a slot is allotted. • Vehicle_Out_Time() : adds the timestamp to the relevant vehicle, whenever the vehicle checks-out and deallocates the parking slot. • Parked_Duration() : calculates the parking duration of the vehicle. • Duration_Charges() : calculates the amount to be paid. 39

40. (3)Implementation(con’t) • Free Slot Viewer • Status_SMS() : (1)Parking is full or not. (2)If slots are available, how many are available. • Send_Message() : formats the qureried data obtained from the database into an appropriate text message and sends it to the user. • If the reservation for a parking slot request arrives, the middleware checks for the availability of free slot and reserves the slot to the requested user. 40

41. (3)Results and Conclusion • We have demonstrated that Can allot a parking slot automatically. • Updating the slot availability details into a web server. • We can use a third RFID reader at the entry point. If the user shows his RFID enabled vehicle key (RFID tag attached) to the reader it can give the location and slot number. 41

42. Review 設計一個使用RFID技術的停車場管理系統, 及使用P2P網路通信架構來減少訊息傳遞的時間及延遲時間。 提出並實驗一個包含中央伺服器及分散式停車場(一次管理多個停車場)的架構。 提出一個車位分配系統，減少駕駛等待及尋找車位的時間。 42

43. Comparative 使用一個reader讀取範圍涵蓋所有停車格，安裝車輛存在感測器在每個停車格，用來偵測停車格是否有車輛停放。 模擬在三個停車場出入口處皆設置一個reader，透過條件判斷是否開啟柵欄。 在入口及出口處皆設立一個reader，透過條件判斷是否開啟柵欄，及使用資料庫來指定/預定車位。 43

44. Discussion 僅使用一台reader是否不夠(範圍、耗損)，如發生讀取失敗則無法計算停車費。使用車輛存在感測器能準確的得到停車場的使用狀況。 僅管制出入，並沒有管理內部停車格使用狀況是否會有問題。使用中央伺服器能一次管理及掌控多處的停車場，及暫時斷網時，能即時啟用個別的伺服器。 系統會分配車位，但如果沒照分配的位置停放。使用SMS即時通知有註冊的使用者停車場的狀況，可避免到場才知道沒車位。 44

45. Thank you