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Endocrinology... The Study of Hormones

Today's Warm-up: Name one thing you think hormones are responsible for doing in your body. Endocrinology... The Study of Hormones. Let’s Start With Some Vocab….

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Endocrinology... The Study of Hormones

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  1. Today's Warm-up: Name one thing you think hormones are responsible for doing in your body. Endocrinology... The Study of Hormones

  2. Let’s Start With Some Vocab… • Hormone - substance produced by one gland or organ of the body that then travels through the bloodstream to affect other tissues, organs, etc. • Gland – Specialized group of cells that releases hormones into the bloodstream. • Organ - collection of tissuesjoined in structural unit to serve a common function.

  3. How Hormonal Feedback Works Gland #1 i.e. Hypothalamus Makes Hormone #1 i.e. GHRH Based on feedback from the body, the first endocrine gland initiates release of a hormone. The first hormone travels through the bloodstream to a second (target) gland. The second gland releases a second hormone, which travels through the bloodstream to a target organ. The target organ has a specific response to the hormone, and performs some biological function. The hormone products from the second gland and the target organ travel through the bloodstream to provide feedback to the first and second endocrine glands. Acts On Gland #2 i.e. Anterior Pituitary Gland Makes Hormone #2 i.e. GH Acts On Tissues i.e. growth of muscle and bone. Target Organ i.e. Liver Makes Acts On Hormone #3 i.e. IGF-I

  4. Hormones Make All of Our Bodily Functions Possible • Growth Hormones • Thyroid Hormones • Sex Hormones • Stress Hormones • Pancreatic Hormones • Pregnancy Hormones

  5. Endocrine Glands

  6. Make a Chart to Keep Track… • In one column, put the “Hormone Name” • In the 2nd column, put the “Hormone Source” • In the 3rd column, put the “Hormone Target” • In the 4th column, put the “Hormone Function”

  7. Stress Hormones • Key hormones: • CRH (Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone) • Source: Hypothalamus • Target: Anterior Pituitary Gland • Function: Causes the release of ACTH from the Anterior Pituitary gland • ACTH (Adrenocorticotropin) • Source: Anterior Pituitary gland • Target: Adrenal Gland • Function: Causes the release of Cortisol from the Adrenal gland • Cortisol • Source: Adrenal Gland • Target: Systemic tissues • Function: “Fight-type” responses

  8. Stress Hormone Cascade

  9. Growth Hormones • GHRH-Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone and SS -Somatostatin • Source: Hypothalamus • Target: Anterior Pituitary Gland • Function: Stimulate release of GH from Anterior Pituitary • GH – Growth Hormone • Source: Anterior Pituitary gland • Target: Liver • Function: Stimulates release of IGF-I from the liver • IGF-I • Source: Liver • Target: Bone, muscle, connective tissues • Function: Stimulates growth in tissues

  10. Growth Hormone Axis

  11. GnRH – Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Source: Hypothalamus Target: Anterior Pituitary Gland Function: Stimulates the release of LH and FSH from the Anterior Pituitary LH – Luteinizing Hormone Source: Anterior Pituitary Gland Target: Leydig Cells of Testicle Function: Stimulates Testosterone production FSH – Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Source: Anterior Pituitary Gland Target: Sertoli Cells of Testicle Function: Stimulates sperm production by the testis Inhibin Source: Testicles (Sertoli Cells) Target: Negative Feedback on FSH production Function: Regulate spermatogenesis Testosterone Source: Testicles (Leydig Cells) Target: Hypothalamus, Anterior Pituitary, Systemic Tissues Function: Negative feedback on LH production, male sex characteristics Male Sex Hormones

  12. Male Sex Hormone Axis

  13. Hormones and Spermatogenesis

  14. The dreaded female hormones...

  15. GnRH – Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Source: Hypothalamus Target: Anterior Pituitary Gland Function: Stimulates the release of LH and FSH from the Anterior Pituitary LH – Luteinizing Hormone Source: Anterior Pituitary Gland Target: Ovary (Thecal Cells) Function: Stimulates Estrogen production FSH – Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Source: Anterior Pituitary Gland Target: Follicle (Granulosa cells) of Ovary Function: Stimulates oogenesis Inhibin Source: Ovary (Granulosa Cell) Target: Negative Feedback on FSH production Function: Regulate oogenesis Progesterone Source: Granulosa Cell (CL) Target: Anterior Pituitary Gland, Hypothalamus Function: Negative feedback on hypothalamus and anterior pituitary Estrogen Source: Ovary (Theca and Granulosa Cells) Target: Hypothaltmus, Anterior Pituitary, Systemic Tissues Function: Negative feedback on hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, female sex characteristics Female Sex Hormones

  16. Feedback of Female Sex Hormones

  17. Female Reproductive Hormones

  18. TRH – Thyroid Releasing Hormone Source: Hypothalamus Target: Anterior Pituitary Function:Stimulates the release of TSH from the Anterior Pituitary gland TSH – Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Source: Anterior Pituitary Gland Target: Thyroid Gland Function: Stimulates the release of T3 and T4 from the Thyroid. T3 – Triiodothyronine (10%) Source: Thyroid Gland Target: Systemic Tissues Function: Metabolism, heart rate, growth, brain development and function T4 – Thyroxine Hormone (90%) Source: Thyroid Gland Target: Systemic Tissues Function: Metabolism, heart rate, growth, brain development and function Calcitonin Source: Thyroid Gland Target: Bone and kidneys Function: Bone regeneration, urine production in the kidney Thyroid Hormones

  19. Thyroid Hormones

  20. Neuroendocrine feedback : the Breastfeeding Response

  21. Pancreatic Hormones

  22. Normal Pancreatic Hormones

  23. Diabetes

  24. Oxytocin Source: Posterior Pituitary Target: Uterus, breasts Function: Uterine contractions and milk let-down Melatonin Source: Pineal Gland Target: Bodily tissues Function: Sexual maturity and body rhythms ANF (Atrial Naturietic Factor) Source: Heart Target: Kidney Function: Regulates blood pressure Renin Source: Kidney Target: Adrenal Gland Function: Regulates blood pressure through regulation of aldosterone secretion. Erythropoiten Source: Kidney Target: Bone Marrow Function: Red blood cell production Aldosterone Source: Adrenal Gland Target: Kidney Function: Regulation of urine volume and blood pressure Other Hormones of Note...

  25. Parathyroid Hormone Source: Parathyroid Target: Plasma Function: Regulates plasma calcium and phosphate Thymopoiten Source: Thymus Target: White blood cells Function: T-Lymphocyte Function Other Hormones of Note...

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