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Methane Gas in Coal Mining SA June 18 – 21, 2012

Methane Gas in Coal Mining SA June 18 – 21, 2012. Natural Gas Storage Strategies. Barry Stevens, Ph.D. President TBD America, a T echnology B usiness D evelopment c onsulting grou p. NATURAL GAS.

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Methane Gas in Coal Mining SA June 18 – 21, 2012

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  1. Methane Gas in Coal Mining SA June 18 – 21, 2012 Natural Gas Storage Strategies Barry Stevens, Ph.D. President TBD America, a Technology Business Development consulting group @ 2011 TBD America

  2. NATURAL GAS “Low natural gas prices are lifting the U.S. economy even as many people are asking questions about its environmental impact.” "Natural gas is revitalizing America's steel industry, reinvigorating its petrochemical industry and benefiting heavy-equipment makers.” …. Keith Hutton, CEO, XTO Energy @ 2011 TBD America

  3. WHY STORAGE Reliability Meet Load Variations Efficiency @ 2011 TBD America

  4. SECONDARY PURPOSES @ 2011 TBD America

  5. THE INDUSTRY @ 2011 TBD America

  6. THE MARKET Deregulated Market Regulated Market @ 2011 TBD America

  7. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS Total Gas Storage Capacity Base / Cushion Gas Working / Top Gas Deliverability Injection Capacity / Rate Cycling @ 2011 TBD America

  8. HOW THEY WORK @ 2011 TBD America

  9. UNDERGROUND @ 2011 TBD America

  10. DEPLETED GAS RESERVOIRS Advantages Lowest Cost Existing Pipeline Connections Existing Wells & Surface Facilities Well Characterized Geology Utilization of Indigenous Gas Disadvantages Low Deliverability & Injection Rates One Yearly Injection/Withdrawal Cycle High Base Gas Requirement Costly Reconstruction & Maintenance @ 2011 TBD America

  11. Advantages Enables gas storage development in locations where hydrocarbon reservoirs are not readily available or suitable for natural gas storage AQUIFERS Disadvantages Highest Capital Cost High Cushion Gas Requirement (50% to 80%) Maintaining Integrity of Gas/Water Interface Infrastructure Not Developed Poor Retention Capabilities Environmental Restrictions @ 2011 TBD America

  12. SALT CAVERNS Disadvantages High Capital Cost Environmental Issues - Brine Disposal Volume of Each Cavern has Practical & Geological Limitations Periodic Service Disruptions - Government Mandated Inspections High Operating Cost Due To Corrosive Environment Advantages Very Low Base Gas Requirements Highest Deliverability Highest Injection Rates High Cycling Characteristics Multiple Cycles Reduces Unit Cost of Gas Injected & Withdrawn @ 2011 TBD America

  13. ABOVE GROUND Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Tank Farms Line Packing @ 2011 TBD America

  14. LNG High Volumetric Efficiency Costs Going Down Supports Stranded Gas Deposits @ 2011 TBD America

  15. DEVELOPMENT COSTS @ 2011 TBD America

  16. CHALLENGES • Management & Control • Industry & Market Demands • Regulatory Hurdles • Location Constraints @ 2011 TBD America

  17. FUTURE @ 2011 TBD America

  18. SUMMARY @ 2011 TBD America

  19. Barry Stevens, PhD President TBD America, Inc. www.tbdamericainc.com THANK YOU @ 2011 TBD America

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