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Ch. 7 -Brown and the Civil Rights Movement . Justine Avila Dec. 1 2011. Harvard LSTU E-107 - Fall '11 Prof. Akiba J. Covitz 2011. Direct Effects I.E. How much school desegregation?. Compliance. Opposition. Western States. Border States. Deep Southern States.
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Ch. 7 -Brown and the Civil Rights Movement Justine Avila Dec. 1 2011 Harvard LSTU E-107 - Fall '11 Prof. Akiba J. Covitz 2011
Direct EffectsI.E. How much school desegregation? Compliance Opposition Western States Border States Deep Southern States Harvard LSTU E-107 - Fall '11 Ch7. Klarman
The Ease of Southern Opposition • School Board Members • NAACP • Lower Courts • Creative Loopholes Harvard LSTU E-107 - Fall '11 Ch7. Klarman
How much School desegregation as a result of Brown? Harvard LSTU E-107 - Fall '11 Ch7. Klarman
Indirect Effects • Salience & Education • News Coverage • Southern Politics • Expedite Civil Rights Legislation • Motivational • Black Condemnation & Protests • Southern White Defense • Feasibility of Racial Reform *Disclaimer: “Brown was not the spark” Harvard LSTU E-107 - Fall '11 Ch7. Klarman
Litigation Vs. Direct Action Protest • Expensive • Individualistic • Passive Participation • Cheaper • Collective • Active Harvard LSTU E-107 - Fall '11 Ch7. Klarman
Brown Backlash Harvard LSTU E-107 - Fall '11 Ch7. Klarman
Post Brown • Racial Retrogression • Right Shifted Politics Brown Backlash in the South “ I say segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever”- Wallace Harvard LSTU E-107 - Fall '11 Ch7. Klarman
Contributions to Massive Resistance • Diehard segregationist • Fear & Violence • Southern Manifesto Note: The difference between white moderates and extremists was not in their preference for segregation but in the sacrifices they were prepared to maintain it. Harvard LSTU E-107 - Fall '11 Ch7. Klarman
The Fall of Massive Resistance School Closures Harvard LSTU E-107 - Fall '11 Ch7. Klarman
Civil Rights Legislation Negative Image of the South Harvard LSTU E-107 - Fall '11 Ch7. Klarman
Creative Tension Strategy • Impeccable Behavior • Legitimate Objectives • Well dressed and polite • Cooperation of law enforcement officers • Example: Alabama • Coupled with negative images of the south Harvard LSTU E-107 - Fall '11 Ch7. Klarman
Ch.7 Conclusion • Brown was viewed as an assault on Jim Crow by southern whites. • Brown backlash was anticipated but Courts failed to see counter backlash. • Brown helped accelerate 1964 Civil Rights Movement. Harvard LSTU E-107 - Fall '11 Ch7. Klarman