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Biology dl.dropbox/u/31969076/Modern%20Biology%20Student%20Edition.pdf

Biology http://dl.dropbox.com/u/31969076/Modern%20Biology%20Student%20Edition.pdf. Chapter 1. The Science of Life. Table of Contents. Section 1 The World of Biology Section 2 Themes in Biology Section 3 The Study of Biology Section 4 Tools and Techniques.

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Biology dl.dropbox/u/31969076/Modern%20Biology%20Student%20Edition.pdf

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  1. Biology http://dl.dropbox.com/u/31969076/Modern%20Biology%20Student%20Edition.pdf

  2. Chapter 1 The Science of Life Table of Contents Section 1 The World of Biology Section 2 Themes in Biology Section 3 The Study of Biology Section 4 Tools and Techniques

  3. Section 1 The World of Biology Chapter 1 Objectives • Relatethe relevance of biology to a person’s daily life. • Describethe importance of biology in human society. • Listthe characteristics of living things. • Summarizethe hierarchy of organization within complex multicellular organisms. • Distinguishbetween homeostasis and metabolism and between growth, development, and reproduction.

  4. Section 1 The World of Biology Chapter 1 Biology and You • Biology and Society • Biologyis the study of life and can be used to both solve societal problems and explain aspects of our daily lives.

  5. Section 1 The World of Biology Chapter 1 What is life? Characteristics of Life • Living things share the same 7 characteristics: organization and cells, response to stimuli, homeostasis, metabolism, growth and development, reproduction, and evolution. • Influenza virus: Is it alive?

  6. Section 1 The World of Biology Chapter 1 Characteristics of Life, continued 1. Organization and Cells • Organization is the high degree of order within an organism’s internal and external parts and in its interactions with the living world. • A cell is the smallest unit of an organism that can perform all life’s processes.

  7. Organization: The eye

  8. The rods and cones of the retina

  9. Section 1 The World of Biology Chapter 1 Characteristics of Life, continued • Organization and Cells • Unicellular organisms are made of single cells. • Multicellularorganisms are made up of many cells and show a hierarchy of organization going from the organism to the atom.

  10. organism • organ system • organs • tissues • cells • molecules • atoms • Organisms are made up of: Figure 1.1

  11. Section 1 The World of Biology Chapter 1 Characteristics of Life, continued • 2. Response to Stimuli • Another characteristic of life is that an organism can respond to a stimulus—a physical or chemical change in the internal or external environment. • http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/olympusmicd/galleries/moviegallery/pondscum/coelenterata/hydra/index.html • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQsb-b5Ieqs

  12. Section 1 The World of Biology Chapter 1 Characteristics of Life, continued • 3. Homeostasis • All living things have mechanisms that allow them to maintain stable internal conditions. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable level of internal conditions even though environmental conditions are constantly changing. caribou

  13. Section 1 The World of Biology Chapter 1 Characteristics of Life, continued • 4. Metabolism • Metabolismis the sum of all the chemical reactions that take in and transform energy and materials from the environment.

  14. Section 1 The World of Biology Chapter 1 Characteristics of Life, continued • 5. Growth and Development • The growth of living things results from the division and enlargement of cells. • Developmentis the process by which an organism becomes a mature adult. • http://www.dnatube.com/video/1127/Human-Reproduction-Fertilization-and-Fetal-Development • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GPMP68QP698 • http://www.npr.org/player/v2/mediaPlayer.html?action=1&t=1&islist=false&id=5434687&m=5434835 • http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/04/23/high-pitch-only-teens-can_n_98304.html

  15. Section 1 The World of Biology Chapter 1 Characteristics of Life, continued • 6. Reproduction • Living organisms pass on hereditary information from parents to offspring, also calledreproduction.

  16. Skin Color Melanin comes in two types: pheomelanin (red) and eumelanin (very dark brown). Both amount and type are determined by four to six genes which operate under incomplete dominance. (which means that the offspring will be a mix of both parents) Figure 9.16

  17. Section 1 The World of Biology Chapter 1 Characteristics of Life, continued • 7. Change Through Time--- Evolution • Populations of living organisms evolve or change through time.

  18. Section 1 The World of Biology Chapter 1 Evolution

  19. “Lack of” EVOLUTIONof the CavendishBanana http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2008-06/can-fruit-be-saved?page=3

  20. Banana PlantationHow does a Cavendish carry out reproduction?

  21. The Demise of the Banana

  22. Section 2 Themes in Biology Chapter 1 Objectives • Identifythree important themes that help explain the living world. • Explainhow life can be diverse, yet unified. • Describehow living organisms are interdependent. • Summarizewhy evolution is an important theme in biology.

  23. Section 2 Themes in Biology Chapter 1 1. Diversity and Unity of Life • Unity in the Diversity of Life • Life is so diverse,or full of variety. Yet, life is also characterized by unity, or features that all living things have in common.

  24. Section 2 Themes in Biology Chapter 1 1. Diversity and Unity of Life, continued • Unity in the Diversity of Life • The tree of life shows that all living things have descended with modification from a single common ancestor. Yet, there are many different lineages, or branches, representing different species.

  25. Astrobiologists study extremophiles. Astrobiology is the field concerned with forming theories, such as panspermia, about the distribution, nature, and future of life in the universe. In it, microbial ecologists, astronomers, planetary scientists, geochemists, philosophers, and explorers cooperate constructively to guide the search for life on other planets. Astrobiologists are particularly interested in studying extremophiles, as many organisms of this type are capable of surviving in environments similar to those known to exist on other planets. For example, Mars may have regions in its deep subsurface permafrost that could harbor endolith communities. The subsurface water ocean of Jupiter's moon Europa may harbor life, especially at hypothesized hydrothermal vents at the ocean floor.

  26. Section 2 Themes in Biology Chapter 1 Phylogenetic Diagram of Living Organisms

  27. Section 2 Themes in Biology Chapter 1 1. Diversity and Unity of Life, continued • Three Domains of Life • The three domains of life are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. • The six kingdoms include Archaea, Bacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

  28. Section 2 Themes in Biology Chapter 1 2. Interdependence of Organisms Organisms live in interdependent communities and interact with both organisms and the environment.

  29. Section 2 Themes in Biology Chapter 1 3. Evolution of Life • Evolution, or descent with modification, is the process in which the inherited characteristics within populations change over generations. • Evolution helps to explain how species came to exist, have changed over time, and possess adaptations to their environment.

  30. Section 2 Themes in Biology Chapter 1 3. Evolution of Life, continued • Natural Selection • Natural selectionis a process by which organisms that have certain favorable traits are better able to survive and reproduce successfully than organisms that lack these traits. • Natural selection can lead to the evolution of populations.

  31. Evolution results from Natural SelectionPeppered Moth --Biston betularia) Change in the frequency of genetic material of a population of organisms from one generation to the next which could potentially lead to speciation.

  32. Section 3 The Study of Biology Chapter 1 Objectives • Outlinethe main steps in the scientific method. • Summarizehow observations are used to form hypotheses. • Listthe elements of a controlled experiment. • Describehow scientists use data to draw conclusions. • Comparea scientific hypothesis and a scientific theory. • Statehow communication in science helps prevent dishonesty and bias.

  33. Section 3 The Study of Biology Chapter 1 Science as a Process • Steps of the Scientific Method • The scientific method involves making observations, asking questions, forming hypotheses, making predictions, designing experiments, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions.

  34. Section 3 The Study of Biology Chapter 1 Scientific Processes • Collecting observations • Asking questions/ background research • Forming hypotheses and making predictions • Confirming predictions with experiments Discovery Science vs Hypothesis Science vs Synthesis Science…examples? • Collect Data/Analyze Results • Drawing conclusions

  35. Observation Sc I En T I F I C me T hod Question/Background Research Formulate a Hypothesis Experiment Collect/Analyze Results Conclusion Hypothesis is False Hypothesis is True/Communicate

  36. Section 3 The Study of Biology Chapter 1 Scientific Method- A Frozen Fish Pond

  37. Section 3 The Study of Biology Chapter 1 Observing and Asking Questions • The process of science begins with an observation. • An observation is the act of perceiving a natural occurrence that causes someone to pose a question. • An observation is made with one or more of the five senses. What are the five senses?

  38. Stare at the bottom star on the left for 30 seconds. Look Away Quickly What do you see?

  39. Research-Color Vision • With Additive color shades are created by combining different quantities of the primary colors . • Combination of the primary colors appears white. • The primary colors are red, green and blue. • The complementary colors are cyan, and magenta and yellow. Define : complementary colors

  40. Taste

  41. taste

  42. taste

  43. Section 3 The Study of Biology Chapter 1 Scientific Method- A Frozen Fish Pond

  44. Observation/Question/Research • Observation-The carp in the pond can live through the cold winter. • Background Research-Research your observation in search of what is already known. • Howdo fish live through the winter in an apparently frozen backyard pond? Do they maintain homeostasis? Are most fish warm blooded or cold blooded? What does this mean? What other things would you like to know?

  45. Background Research /Question • Question: Formulate a question about a natural phenomenon that is intriguing to you. • What will happen to respiration rate of a goldfish when placed in water of a steadily decreasing temperature?

  46. Section 3 The Study of Biology Chapter 1 Forming a Hypothesis • A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for the way a particular aspect of the natural world functions. • Predicting with your hypothesis With a hypothesis, scientists make a prediction that logically follows in a test situation from the hypothesis.

  47. Section 3 The Study of Biology Chapter 1 Forming a Hypothesis, continued Predict a possible answer to the problem or question about your observation. What will happen to respiration rate of a goldfish when placed in water of a steadily decreasing temperature? What will you measure? What would your graphs and tables look like? Design your data collection vehicle before you start collecting data. What are your hypotheses?

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