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Phylum Cnidaria

Phylum Cnidaria. The “ Stinging Celled ” animals Kingdom Animalia Approx. 11,000 species. Cnidarian Habitat. All live in water - aquatic Most live in saltwater - marine Few are freshwater – ex. Hydra. Cnidarian Movement. Some can move ( motile ) Some cannot move

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Phylum Cnidaria

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  1. Phylum Cnidaria • The “Stinging Celled” animals • Kingdom Animalia • Approx. 11,000 species

  2. Cnidarian Habitat • All live in water -aquatic • Most live in saltwater - marine • Few are freshwater – ex. Hydra

  3. Cnidarian Movement • Some can move • (motile) • Some cannot move • (non-motile)

  4. General Cnidarian Info • All are consumers • They get food with stinging cells • Cnidocytes • Cnidocytes cover the tentacles only • Prey is captured in tentacles & stung to death • When prey is dead it is stuffed into the gut

  5. Diagram of Nematocyst

  6. General Cnidarian Info • What do they eat? • Depends on the size • Fish, worms, microorganisms, etc • Cnidarians are Chunk Feeders • Not filter feeders like sponges

  7. Body Forms • Polyp – tube with tentacles pointing up • Often sessile (attached) • Medusa – umbrella with tentacles hanging down • Often float or use jet propulsion

  8. Symmetry • Radial symmetry (wheel-like body plan) • No head/tail or front/back

  9. Cnidarian Body Structure • Inner Wall (Endoderm) • 3 kinds of cells • Cells that make digestive enzymes • Cells with flagella to circulate fresh water from outside • Cells that contain partially digested food which is absorbed into the body • Outer wall - Ectoderm – skin layer for protection • Middle – Jelly layer - mesoglea • contains nerve net • Hollow gut – Gastrovascular cavity

  10. Cnidarian Reproduction • Reproduction – sexual or asexual • Sexual – two parents - Sperm & Egg • Asexual – one parent - budding

  11. Coelenterate Examples Jellyfish, Portuguese Man-of-War, Sea Anemone, Coral, Hydra

  12. Jellyfish • Named for thick layer of mesoglea • Body form = Medusa • Size – from a few mm to a few meters • Dangerous Examples: • Sea Wasp Jellyfish • Box Jellyfish

  13. Jellyfish Pictures

  14. Portuguese Man-of-War • Looks like a floating plastic bag • Body form – Colonial • Some polyp • Some medusa • Size – from a few cm to over 1 meter

  15. Portuguese Man-of-War • Some are dangerous to humans, possibly even deadly

  16. Sea Anemone • Named for a flower • Body form = polyp • Size – from a few cm to over 1 meter • Mostly non-motile, but some can glide slowly

  17. Sea Anemone • Many species live with a clownfish – this is a Mutualistic Relationship • The fish gets protection • The anemone gets food lured by the brightly colored fish

  18. Coral • All are non-motile • Body form – Polyp • Size rarely larger than 1 mm • Protection – build a crater of limestone around body

  19. Coral • Coral reefs • Largest Coral Reef • Great Barrier Reef in Australia

  20. Hydra • All live in freshwater • Body form – polyp • Size – max. ½ inch • Move by gliding, somersaulting, floating

  21. Comparing Sponges & Coelenterates • Number (#) of Species • Habitat • Symmetry • Feeding • Reproduction • Movement

  22. Sponges Approx. 5,000 Coelenterates Approx. 11, 000 Comparing Sponges & CoelenteratesNumber (#) of Species

  23. Sponges Mostly saltwater (marine) Some freshwater Coelenterates Mostly saltwater (marine) Some freshwater Comparing Sponges & CoelenteratesHabitat

  24. Sponges Radial (wheel-like) Coelenterates Radial (wheel-like) Comparing Sponges & CoelenteratesSymmetry

  25. Sponges Filter Feeders Bacteria, algae, protozoans Coelenterates Chunk Feeders Fish, worms, some microorganisms Comparing Sponges & CoelenteratesFeeding Habits

  26. Sponges Sexual – sperm & egg Asexual – budding regeneration gemmules Coelenterates Sexual – sperm & egg Asexual - budding Comparing Sponges & CoelenteratesReproduction

  27. Sponges All sessile (non-motile) Coelenterates Some motile Some sessile Comparing Sponges & CoelenteratesMovement

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