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This week

This week. Today Review paper assignment Web of Science tutorial Meeting signup sheet Quiz Mating systems. Thursday Louise Barrett leads discussion on Engh et al. 2002 Friday No office hours Next Tuesday Lecture on chapter 14 Quiz on chapter 12, reading.

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This week

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  1. This week • Today • Review paper assignment • Web of Science tutorial • Meeting signup sheet • Quiz • Mating systems • Thursday • Louise Barrett leads discussion on Engh et al. 2002 • Friday • No office hours • Next Tuesday • Lecture on chapter 14 • Quiz on chapter 12, reading

  2. Mating systems and parental care

  3. Promiscuity • “Unrestricted” • No enduring relationship • Female biased investment • Evolves when mates are highly dispersed… • Gastropods • … in explosive mating systems • Horseshoe crabs • …and in some social animals • Pseudo-promiscuous primates http://www.lanting.com/images/products/fineprints_lrg/DP-213.jpg

  4. Leks • The system • Females choose • High mating skew • 6% of male hammer-headed bats get 80% of matings • Birds, bats and antelope • Females / resources are indefensible • Insect mating swarms http://www.animalpicturesarchive.com/ArchOLD-3/1112851279.jpg

  5. The origin of leks • Benefits to males • Antipredation • More females • Benefits to females • Mate copying • Comparisons • Where to lek? • Hotspots • Hotshots • In marine iguanas • Black holes From Partecke et al. 2001 BES 51:579-587

  6. Polygyny • Some males breeds with several females, each of which breeds with only one male • Simultaneous • Sequential • High reproductive variance for males http://z.about.com/d/animals/1/0/l/W/RW-BB-4917_2.jpg

  7. Resource defense polygyny • Concentrated resources draw females • In Utapalmeri http://isu.indstate.edu/~dhews/Utapalmeri.gif From Hews 1993 Anim. Behav. 46:279-291

  8. The polygyny threshold model

  9. Harem defense polygyny • Females gather for protection, hunting, etc. • Males monopolize females • Lions • Female groups, male coalitions • Infanticide

  10. Classical polyandry • Reverse polygyny • Some insects fish and birds • When males are the limiting sex? • In jaçana • Dimorphism • Infanticide • In seahorses

  11. Cooperative polyandry • Multiple males mate w/ one female • Coalitions defend a rare resource • In Galapagos hawks

  12. Monogamy • One male bonded to one female • Rare, but widely distributed • 90% of birds • Social / genetic

  13. Origins of monogamy • Default below the polygyny threshold • Necessity of paternal care • Defendable, distributed resources • Synchronous breeding • Female-female aggression

  14. Parental care • PC increases offspring fitness • Depreciative • Non-depreciative • Parental investment benefits offspring at parent’s expense http://www.pbase.com/jlima/image/60123030

  15. Parental care and life history • Tradeoffs • Investment • Predation risk • In tropical and temperate birds • Parent’s age • In Mongolian gerbils From Ghalambor & Martin 2001 Science 292:494-497

  16. Dividing parental care • Internally fertilizing ectotherms • Single parents are usually female • Externally fertilizing ectotherms • Single parents are usually male • Homeotherms • Allocating care in biparental species • Compensation • In response to mate’s attractiveness

  17. Parent offspring conflict • Trivers’ model • Honest begging? • Siblicide • In herons

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