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Pages 369 - 377

V. T. P. Chp 11 Gas Laws. Pages 369 - 377. Boyle’s Law. P. V. PV = k. Boyle’s Law. P. V. The pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related (at constant mass & temp). PV = k. Boyle’s Law. Boyle’s Law.

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Pages 369 - 377

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  1. V T P Chp 11 Gas Laws Pages 369 - 377

  2. Boyle’s Law P V PV = k

  3. Boyle’s Law P V The pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related (at constant mass & temp) PV = k

  4. Boyle’s Law

  5. Boyle’s Law No sound … In all movies, the air is being pumped out from the jar, which DECREASES PRESSURE. You can easily see that the VOLUME of a gas INCREASES as you DECREASE PRESSURE!

  6. Boyle’s Law P1V1 = P2V2 Changed Pressure and Volume Initial Pressure and Volume

  7. Boyle’s Law V2 V1 Practice Problem #1 A gas occupies a volume of 458 mL at a pressure of 1.01 kPa and temperature of 295 K. When the pressure is changed, the volume becomes 477 mL, If there has been no change in temperature, what is the new pressure? P1 P1V1 = P2V2

  8. Boyle’s Law P1V1 = P2V2 (1.01 kPa)(458 mL) = P2 (477 mL) (1.01 kPa) (458 mL) P2 = (477 mL) P2 = 0.970 kPa

  9. Charle’s Law V T

  10. Charle’s Law V T The volume of a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. (at constant pressure)

  11. Charle’s Law No sound … it is easy to see that as the gas TEMPERATURE INCREASES, the VOLUME INCREASES!

  12. Charle’s Law V2 V1 = T2 T1 Changed Volume and Temperature Initial Volume and Temperature

  13. Charle’s Law V2 V1 = T2 T1 T1 V1 T2 Practice Problem #6 What will be the volume of a gas sample at 309 K if its volume at 215 K is 3.42 L

  14. Charle’s Law V2 V1 = T2 T1 V2 3.42 L = 215 K 309 K (3.42 L) (309 K) = 4.92 L V2 = 215 K

  15. Dalton’s Law Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3 ... The sum of the partial pressures of all the components in a gas mixture is equal to the total pressure of the gas mixture.

  16. Dalton’s Law Practice Problem #13 What is the pressure of a mixture of helium, nitrogen, and oxygen if their partial pressures are 600. mm Hg, 150. mm Hg, and 102 mm Hg? P1 P2 P3 Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3

  17. Practice Problem #13 What is the pressure of a mixture of helium, nitrogen, and oxygen if their partial pressures are 600. mm Hg, 150. mm Hg, and 102 mm Hg? Dalton’s Law Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3 Ptotal = 600 + 150 + 102 Ptotal = 852 mm Hg

  18. Practice Problem #16 The barometer shows the atmospheric pressure to be 762 mm Hg. What is the partial pressure of nitrogen if nitrogen makes up 78% of the air. *Dalton’s Law 762 mm Hg (0.78) = 594 mm Hg

  19. Gay-Lussac’s Law = P1 P2 T1 T2 The pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume varies directly with the Kelvin temperature.

  20. Combined Gas Law P1V1 T1 P2V2 T2 = P T V T PV T PV = k P1V1T2 =P2V2T1

  21. Avogadro’s Law V = k3n Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain an equal number of particles. volume Constant (molar volume of a gas at STP) Number of moles

  22. Avogadro’s Law V = k3n BY INCREASING THE NUMBER OF PARTICLES! If you keep pressure and temperature constant, what is the only way to increase the volume?

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