System Analysis and Design

1. System Analysis and Design Form and Report Design

2. Input (Form) Design Objectives • Making completion easy and efficient • Assuring input meets the intended purpose • Assuring accurate completion • Making screens and forms attractive • Making input uncomplicated • Creating screens and forms that are consistent

3. Output (Report) Design Objectives • Designing reports to serve a specific purpose • Making reports meaningful to users • Delivering the appropriate quantity of reports • Providing appropriate output distribution • Providing output on time • Choosing the most effective output method

4. Designing Forms and Reports • Form and report design are performed in the logical design phase. • Forms and reports are integrally related to DFD and E-R diagrams.

5. Form and Report Overview • Form • A business document that contains some predefined data and may include some areas where additional data are to be filled in • An instance of a form is typically based on one database record • Report • A business document that contains only predefined data • A passive document for reading or viewing data • Typically contains data from many database records or transactions

6. Form/Report and DFD Relationship • Data input indicates forms while data output indicates reports. • Thus, prototypes are needed for designing forms and reports.

7. Forms and Reports Designing Process • Collect and analyze data needed • Determine requirements • Who will use the form or report? • What is the purpose of the form or report? • When is the report needed or used? • Where does the form or report need to be delivered and used? • How many people need to use or view the form or report? • Outline possible forms and reports • Follows a prototyping approach

8. Forms and Reports Designing Process • Prototyping • Initial prototype is designed from requirements • Users review prototype design and either accept the design or request changes • If changes are requested, the construction-evaluation-refinement cycle is repeated until the design is accepted

9. Information Categories in Source Document • Internal Information • External Information • Hybrid Information

10. Information Mediums • Paper (Hard Copy) • On screen (Soft Copy)

11. Information Processing • Online processing - Immediate processing and presenting result - Random Access - Ad-Hoc Query - Continuously Updated Information - Anytime 24-7, and Anywhere • Batch processing - Collect information for a period of time before processing altogether - Any kind of Access - Precise Format and Type of Information - Strict time Period for Manipulating Data

12. Rules in Designing Forms and Reports • Clear Titles • Contain needed information • Effective alignment and balanced structure • Easy to use

13. General Formatting Guidelines for Forms and Reports • Highlighting • Use sparingly to draw user to or away from certain information • Blinking and audible tones should only be used to highlight critical information requiring user’s immediate attention • Methods should be consistently selected and used based upon level of importance of emphasized information

14. Color VS No-Color Benefits from Using Color Soothes or strikes the eye Accents an uninteresting display Facilitates subtle discriminations in complex displays Emphasizes the logical organization of information Draws attention to warnings Evokes more emotional reactions Problems from Using Color Color pairings may wash out or cause problems for some users Resolution may degrade with different displays Color fidelity may degrade on different displays Printing or conversion to other media may not easily translate General Formatting Guidelines for Forms and Reports

15. General Formatting Guidelines for Forms and Reports • Displaying Text • Display text in mixed upper and lower case and use conventional punctuation • Use double spacing if space permits. If not, place a blank line between paragraphs • Left-justify text and leave a ragged right margin • Do not hyphenate words between lines • Use abbreviations and acronyms only when they are widely understood by users and are significantly shorter than the full text

16. General Formatting Guidelines for Forms and Reports • Designing tables and lists • Labels • All columns and rows should have meaningful labels • Labels should be separated from other information by using highlighting • Re-display labels when the data extend beyond a single screen or page

17. General Formatting Guidelines for Forms and Reports • Designing tables and lists (continued) • Formatting columns, rows and text • Sort in a meaningful order • Place a blank line between every five rows in long columns • Columns should have at least two spaces between them • Allow white space on printed reports for user to write notes • Use a single typeface, except for emphasis • Use same family of typefaces within and across displays and reports • Avoid overly fancy fonts

18. General Formatting Guidelines for Forms and Reports • Designing tables and lists (continued) • Formatting numeric, textual and alphanumeric data • Right-justify numeric data and align columns by decimal points or other delimiter • Left-justify textual data. Use short line length, usually 30 to 40 characters per line • Break long sequences of alphanumeric data into small groups of three to four characters each • Paper versus Electronic Reports • Printer used for producing paper report needs to be considered in design • Use a prototyping process similar to designing a form

19. Assessing Usability • Overall evaluation of how a system performs in supporting a particular user for a particular task • Three characteristics • Speed • Accuracy • Satisfaction

20. Assessing Usability • Success Factors • Consistency • Efficiency • Ease • Format • Flexibility

21. Assessing Usability • Measures of Usability • Considerations • Time to learn • Speed of performance • Rate of errors • Retention over time • Subjective satisfaction • Collection methods • Observation • Interviews • Keystroke capturing • Questionnaires

22. Summary • Designing Forms and Reports • General guidelines for designing forms and reports • Formatting text, tables and lists • Assessing Usability

23. Question?