Abdulkerim YÖRÜKOĞLU, PhD.

1. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration MINERAL POTENTIAL OF TURKEY Abdulkerim YÖRÜKOĞLU, PhD.

2. Introduction : • Mining, as a way of investment, provides the highest added value and industry per unit capital, and more employment when compared to other sector. Mining is one of a leading sector for development that countries cannot afford to neglect it • the products and equipments used by all industries directly or indirectly needs minerals.

3. Introduction : • Minerals are the most important input for ceramic, metalurgy, glass, refracter industries and building sector , as well as filling materials, natural paints, filters, abrasives, precious stones, drilling mud, fertilizers, electronic and chemistry industries. • Raw materials for iron-steel industry are iron ore and coal, and 75-80% of the raw materials of energy which are minerals are coal, petroleum, natural gas and uranium. Mining products in a car • 90% of the raw materials for agriculture are derived from minerals. Mineralshow muchis consumed to produce a car?

4. Metal Prices

5. Due to Increasing of Raw Material Prices Mineral prospecting is getting more important with the intention of supplying the raw material Low grade mineral deposits with technological problem have been considering as economic By the means of mineral deposit diversity those enough for big percentage of country’s raw material demand ; Turkey is one of the most important countries of the world. • Turkey has 0.4 % of world reserves of metal, 2.2 % reserves of industrial raw materials, 1% of reserves of coal and 0.8 % of geothermal potential. • Amount of prospecting drilling increased from 150 meter/year to 1 million meter in last 5 year. • Lignate:5 billion ton • Gold :700 ton • Copper: 500.000 ton About natural resources; Turkey is 28th of 132 Countries by the means of total production value and at 10th place about number of mineral diversity. MINING PERCENTAGE OF GNP% 9** (INCLUDING GLASS, CERAMICS, CEMENT, IRON-STEAL PRODUCTS) Mineral products produced approximately 150 million tons a year in Turkey are used in bulding industry and as a raw material in other industries providing $10-12 billion a year as added value. Minerals such as Boron, Chrom, selestite, manyezit, barite, marble, pomza, feldspar are considerably exported whereas coal, which is produced approximately 85 million tons a year and are consumed mostly by thermal power plants in Turkey.

6. Turkey ‘s Goals of Sustainable Natural Resourcesand Raw Material Politics SupplySecurity Economic Growth Environmental Protection

7. Turkey, an important segment of the Alpine-Himalayan tectonic belt, hosts notablydiverse mineral deposits. The complex geologic and tectonic structure of Turkey makes it more difficult for mine exploration and mining facilities, although it contributes to mineral diversity of the region. Turkey is one of the few countries which can provide most of their raw materials in spite of the geological and technological drawbacks.

8. IMPORTANT MINERAL RESERVES OF TURKEY • Trona: 842 milliontons • Kaolin: 89 milliontons • Clay (Ceramic + refractory): 354 milliontons • SilicaSand: 1.3 billiontons • Quartzite: 2.3 billion ton • MarbleandNatural Stones: 5.1 billion m3 • Bentonite: 250 milliontons • Dolomite: 16 billiontons • Feldspar: 239 milliontons • Rock salt: 5.7 billiontons • LightweightBuildingMaterials: 7.2 billion m 3 • (Perlite, pumice) • Gypsum: 1.8 billiontons • Gold: 700 tons (metal) • Silver: 6062 tons (metal) • Zinc: 2.3 milliontons (metal) • Lead: 860,000 tons (metal) • Chromium: 26 milliontons of highgrade,200 milliontonnes of lowgradeIron: • 122 milliontons (51-60% Metal Fe), 1,364 billiontonnes (14-52% Metal Fe-N 'lu) troubledreserve • Copper: 1.78 milliontons (metal) • Boron: 3,566 billiontons • Magnesite: 111 milliontons • Lignate:13.1 billion ton Çinko Krom Eskişehir-Kırka Bor Oluşumları Altın Doğal taş Trona

9. By the year 2010 metallic, Industrial, Energy, raw material resources of licensed places

10. Mining 1999-2011 TheMining in TURKEY Economy MINERAL RAW MATERIAL EXPORT (2011)3.7 BILLION $ Türkey Mineral Expors (Billion $) NATURAL STONES 1.69 BILLION $ (%48.52) METALLIC MINERALS 1.25 BILLION $ (%36) INDUSTRIEL RAWMATERIALS 531 MİLYON $ (%15) Energy Raw material 4.13 Billion $ Hard Coal (3.98 Billion $) MINERAL RAWMATERIAL IMPORT (2011) ~ 6,07 Billion $ METALLIC MINERALS1.277Milyon $ Iron ore (1,17Milyon $) • The first of the world reserves of boron • The first of gold production in Europe • Marble, Feldspar, Bentonite, Magnesium, Chromium second in the world production. • Fourth in world production of perlite and Strontium • Eighth of the world production of cement and lime • the ninth of Kaolin production, • Tenth of Iron - Steel production in the world

11. Energy raw material potential of Turkey:Coal Between 2005 and 2011, 850.000m. drilling program was conducted. Nearly 5.8 billion tons of coal reserves were added with these studies and coal reserves (8.3 billion tons total reserves) of Turkey were increased by about 70%. FIELDS OF SOLID FOSSIL FUEL RESERVES AND ADDED A NEW LIGNITE • 13.1 billion tons of lignite, • 1.3 bıllıon tons of hard coal, • 82.0 million tons of asphaltite, • 1.6 billion tons of bituminous shale

12. Geothermal Energy Energy raw material potential of Turkey: Turkey has a unique geographic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia. It is located on an active tectonic, orogenetic belt, the Alpine-Himalaya Orogen with young faultsand active volcanism which is the reason for Turkey’s substantial geothermal resources. Most of the geothermal energy potential is located in the Aegean and Central Anatolian region The geothermal potential of Turkey is estimated (theoretically) as 31,500 Mwt .The number of wells were drilled by MTA are now 470 the total depth is 208.477 m the proven geothermal capacity of the wells totally is 4045Mwt. . • Turkey holds a significant potential for geothermal energy exploitation. 187 geothermal fields that contain geothermal fluid with more than 40°C temperature exist in Turkey. Turkey as the direct application of geothermal energy, central heating, greenhouse heating and thermal tourism are used. 18 residential in the division of our country, the central domestic heating (the equivalent of 81,060 houses, 729 MWt), 15-site greenhouse (1,989,500 m2, 379 MWt) and 306 units of thermal plant, thermal treatment and utilized for tourism purposes.

13. Energy raw material potential of Turkey: • Geothermal Energy The distributions of geothermal energy resources on regional basis

14. MINERAL EXPLORATION Metalic Mineral Research Industrial raw material research Between 2004 – 2011: 10 Gold projects 35 Copper-lead-Çinko-Gold projects 5 Iron projects 1 Chrome-Nikel projects 2 Iron Ore Between 2004 – 2011: 12 Industrial Raw material projects 400.000 m drilling 75.000 m drilling Results 1 billion ton extra Boron reserves, 4.5 billion ton dolomite, 40 million ton ceramicrawmaterials, World’s second largest Şabazit field was found. Besides, quarts sand, Marble, cement, ceramic and glass raw material fields discovered. RESULTS -65 ton gold, -300.000 ton Copper, 2 ComplexCu, Pd, Zn field working Turkey, which may have significant mineral potential

15. Thank you very much for your attention