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Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) (Ch. 12)

Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) (Ch. 12). particles of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) are always in motion. Kinetic Energy (KE) – Energy of motion. KMT – Liquids. Particles in constant motion - fluid Lower KE than gases

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Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) (Ch. 12)

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  1. Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) (Ch. 12) • particles of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) are always in motion. • Kinetic Energy (KE) – Energy of motion

  2. KMT – Liquids • Particles in constant motion - fluid • Lower KE than gases • Particles closer together than in gases due to stronger intermolecular forces

  3. Characteristics of Liquids • High density (higher than gases) • Incompressible • Able to diffuse (move from higher concentration to lower conc.) • Surface Tension • Force that pulls molecules on the surface toward each other; Causes spherical drops • Capillary action – attraction of liquid drops to solid surface; Causes meniscus • Vaporization – change from liquid to gas • Evaporation – liquid particles that escape from surface below the boiling point • Freezing – change from liquid to solid

  4. KMT and Solids • Particles more closely packed than liquid • Particles held in fixed positions – ordered • Particles vibrate in place – don’t move over one another

  5. Characteristics of Solids • Definite shape & volume • Definite melting point • High density • Incompressibility • Low rate of diffusion

  6. TYPES OF SOLIDS • Crystalline • Have a crystal structure – 3D arrangement • Unit cell – smallest part of crystal • Amorphous • “Without shape” • Not arranged in a pattern • Ex: glass, plastic • Supercooled or slow moving liquids

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