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Security Fire Safety Management of High rise Complexes : BY S.K. DHERI

INCIDENTS. 2001 Attack on J

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Security Fire Safety Management of High rise Complexes : BY S.K. DHERI

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    1. Security & Fire Safety Management of High rise Complexes : BY S.K. DHERI

    2. INCIDENTS 2001 – Attack on J&K Assembly, 35 Killed 2001 – Attack on Parliament of India, 2002 – Attack on Akshardham, Gujarat, 35 Killed 2003 – Car blast in Mumbai, 60 Killed 2005 – Blast in Sarojini Nagar Market, New Delhi, 65 Killed 2006 – Blast in Varanasi, 20 Killed 2006 – Blast in Mumbai, 180 Killed 2007 – Blast in Hyderabad, 45 Killed 2007 – Blast in Samjhauta Express 2008 – Blast in Jaipur, 65 Killed 2008 – Blast in Bangalore & in Ahmedabad, killed more than 50 2009 - Attack in Mumbai,186 killed

    6. SECURITY MEASURES Boom barrier Tripod Turnstile VMS CCTV Systems Access Cards Dog Squad (Sniffer) Bomb Blanket Bomb Disposal Squad

    7. ACCIDENT AN UNPLEASANT EVENT THAT HAPPENDS UNEXPECTEDLY AND CAUSES DAMAGE. A FIRE ACCIDENT IS NECESSARIRLY AN UNPLEASANT EVENT THAT HAPPENS OR CAUSED THEREBY CAUSING LOSS OF LIFE OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY OR BOTH.

    8. FIRE ACCIDENT – THE COST LOSS OF LIFE DAMAGE TO PROPERTY LOSS OF BUSINESS LOSS OF GOODWILL ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION

    9. F I R E About 22,187 calls per year On an average 447 deaths per year Huge property losses About 69% fires are caused by electricity ALL THIS CAN BE REDUCED

    10. NUMBER OF FIRE INCIDENTS REPORTED YEARWISE

    11. MAJOR CAUSES OF FIRES (AVERAGE IN PAST TEN YEARS) ELECTRICAL 65 ? 5 % DROP LIGHT 18 ? 3 % NAKED FLAMES 03 ? 1.5 % FIRE WORKS 1.5 ? 0.5 % OTHERS 12.5 %

    12. LOSSES DUE TO FIRE LOSS OF PROPERTY Direct 40% (Damage due to fire) Indirect 60% (Damage due to heat, smoke, water & breakage LOSS OF LIFE Due to inhalation of toxic gases Burning of body tissues Nervous shock

    13. FIRE FIGHTING AND FIRE SAFETY THE OBJECTIVE LIFE SAFETY PROPERTY PROTECTION

    14. LIFE SAFETY Designing structures to withstand fire conditions. Raising Alarm Smoke Management Adequate means of escape Protection of escape routes.

    15. DESIGNING OF STRUCTUTRES Fire resistance rating Selection of materials Horizontal compartmentation Vertical compartmentation Planning of services

    16. RAISING ALARM EARLY DETECTION OF FIRE Automatic Manual Alarming Devices

    17. HIGH RISE BUILDING Building above 15m Height ( N.B.C.) Building above 22m Height (T.A.C.) Building above 24m Height ( B.M.A.) A High-rise Building is one in which Emergency Evacuation is not practical and in which fires must be fought internally because of height.

    18. PROBLEMS IN HIGHRISE BUILDINGS 3-D spreading of fire Violation of fire safety norms Delayed access to seat of fire Total Evacuation Limitation of the fire fighting equipment Limitations posed by the fire fighters People’s behavior

    19. FIRE FIGHTING PROBLEMS DIFFICULT ACCESS NO CIRCULATION SPACE FALLING DEBRIS POOR VISIBILITY BLOCKED PASSAGES LOCATION OF SEAT OF FIRE 3-D FIRE SPREADING

    20. FIRE HAZARD Nature of materials Rate of burning Total fire load Toxicity of materials

    21. HAZARDS DUE TO FAULTY DESIGN Large compartments Unsealed/Improperly sealed vertical shafts: - Electrical rising mains - Sanitary shafts - Refuge chutes Open staircases Communicable false ceiling Inadequate Drainage facilities Improper/failure of ventilation system

    22. SPREAD OF FIRE Compartment to compartment Floor to floor Unsealed service shafts Ceiling voids A.C. Ducts Failure of door/windows

    23. AREAS OF SPECIAL RISKS DUBBL - 1993 Car parking, Air handling plant rooms, Boiler rooms, Communication exchange rooms, Switchgear rooms, Transformer rooms, Standby generator plant, Lift shaft & Motor room, Escalator Machinery spaces, Refrigeration & Temperature control rooms, Incineration plants, Space between false ceiling and roof.

    24. FIRE RISK MANAGEMENT Unfortunately in Today’s context Fire Risk Management is an after thought and hence the success is partial. To have nearly complete success the process of Fire Risk Management must begin right from the conceptual stage.

    25. SETTING OBJECTIVES Reduce Fire incidents through effective Fire Prevention. Provide means for limiting the size of fire. Formulate operating procedures. Use Insurance to safeguard against large losses caused by natural calamities.

    26. FIRE PROTECTION OBJECTIVE REDUCING POSSIBLE LOSSES DUE TO FIRE PASSIVE PROTECTION ACTIVE PROTECTION PASSIVE PROTECTION SELECTION OF MATERIAL LIMITING THE FIRE LOAD BREAKING THE CONTINUITY OF FUEL FIRE RESISTANCE RATING PRESSURE VENTING

    27. CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS STABILITY Ability of building components maintaining their load bearing capacity for specified duration without fail during the conditions. INTEGRITY Ability of building elements to withstand fire conditions without cracking through which heat and smoke can pass through. INSULATION Ability of a building element to prevent transfer of heat from one side to another.

    28. FIRE PROOF DOOR Properties:- Stability, Integrity Insulation Types of doors:- Sliding, Hinged, Rolling shutters Construction:- Steel, Armoured, Composite, Proprietary.

    29. LIFE SAFETY DESIGNING STRUCTURES TO WITHSTAND FIRE CONDITIONS RAISING ALARM SMOKE MANAGEMENT ADEQUATE MEANS OF ESCAPE PROTECTION OF ESCAPE ROUTES

    30. PROTECTION OF ESCAPE ROUTES COMPARTMENTATION FIRE CHECK DOORS VENTING/ PRESSURIZATION NO COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS WATER CURTAIN

    31. MEANS OF ESCAPE HORIZONTAL ESCAPE TRAVEL WITHIN THE COMPARTMENT PROTECTED HORIZONTAL ESCAPE ROUTES TRAVEL DISTANCE TO VERTICAL ESCAPE REFUGE AREA VERTICAL ESCAPE CONTINUITY CAPACITY ILLUMINATION PROTECTION

    32. SMOKE MANAGEMENT SELECTION OF MATERIALS SMOKE VENTING SMOKE BARRIERS SMOKE EXTRACTION SYSTEM POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTING

    33. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM DETECTION OF FIRE SUPPRESSION OF FIRE RAISE ALARM

    34. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM THE UTILITY CHANCES OF DIEING IN FIRE ARE CUT BY 1/3 TO 1/2. PROPERTY LOSS IN FIRE IS CUT BY 1/2.

    35. ACCIDENT PREVENTION Safety Audits Routine Safety Inspection Safe Working Practices Performance Assessment Interaction Education & Training Following Safety Standards

    36. CONCLUSION Judicious compliance of fire safety norms Good House Keeping Maintenance of the Systems Contingency plan Periodical drills Systematic training Safety audit by third party Conduct of mock exercises

    37. Sincere Thanks For Your Kind Attention

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