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The Great Depression

The Great Depression. 1929-1939. Stock market crash Didn’t realize the effect it would have No money to replenish what was borrowed. Many found being broke humiliating. The Roaring 20’s. The new concept of “credit” People were buying: Cars Appliances Clothes Fun times reigned:

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The Great Depression

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  1. The Great Depression

  2. 1929-1939 • Stock market crash • Didn’t realize the effect it would have • No money to replenish what was borrowed Many found being broke humiliating.

  3. The Roaring 20’s • The new concept of “credit” • People were buying: • Cars • Appliances • Clothes • Fun times reigned: • Dancing • Flappers • Drinking

  4. Why was this bad? • Credit system • People didn’t really have the money they were spending • WWI • The U.S. was a major credit lender to other nations in need • Many of these nations could not pay back

  5. The Stock Market • People bought stocks on margins • If a stock is $100 you can pay $10 now and the rest later when the stock rose • Stocks fall • Now the person has less than $100 and no money to pay back

  6. And then…. • With people panicking about their money investors tried to sell their stocks • This leads to a huge decline in stocks • Stocks were worthless now • People who bought on “margins” now could not pay • Investors were average people that were now broke

  7. President Hoover • Herbert Hoover was president at the start • Philosophy: We’ll make it! • What He Did: Nothing • The poor were looking for help and no ideas on how to correct or help were coming

  8. What about the people? • Farmers were already feeling the effects • Prices of crops went down • Many farms foreclosed • People could not afford luxuries • Factories shut down • Businesses went out • Banks could not pay out money • People could not pay their taxes • Schools shut down due to lack of funds • Many families became homeless and had to live in shanties

  9. Many waited in employment agency queues hoping for a job.

  10. People in cities would queue up for bread to take to their family.

  11. Some families were forced to relocate because they had no money.

  12. “Hooverville” • Some families were forced to live in shanty towns • A grouping of shacks and tents on vacant ground • They were referred to as “Hoovervilles” because of President Hoover’s lack of help in the Depression.

  13. Hooverville

  14. Out of the Dust: The South and the Dust Bowl

  15. A drought in the South lead to dust storms that destroyed crops. “The Dust Bowl”

  16. The South Was Buried • Crops turned to dust=No food to be sent out • Homes buried • Fields blown away • South in state of emergency • Dust Bowl the #1 weather crisis of the 20th century

  17. Two Families During the Depression

  18. A Farm Foreclosure

  19. Some families tried to make money by selling useful craft items like baskets.

  20. *FDR* • When he was inaugurated unemployment had increased by 7 million. • Poor sections (like Harlem) had 50% of the pop. unemployed • Instigated the “New Deal” • Conditions improved

  21. People everywhere were affected by the Depression • It wasn’t till President Roosevelt took over and tried to put the economy back together that people even saw a glimmer of hope

  22. To Kill a Mockingbird

  23. Major Historical Happenings... • Jim Crow Laws • Scottsboro Trials • Recovering from the Great Depression • Racial Injustice • Poor South

  24. Jim Crow Laws • After the American Civil War most states in the South passed anti-African American legislation. These became known as Jim Crow laws. • These laws included segregation in… • Schools -- Hospitals • Theatres -- Water fountains • Restaurants • Hotels • Public transport • Some states forbid interracial marriages

  25. These laws were instituted in 1896 and were not abolished till the late 1950s (even then still not completely).

  26. Scottsboro Boys Trial • 9 African-American youths (13-20) accused of raping 2 white girls in 1931 • Immediately sentenced to death • Trials went on for nearly 15 years before all the men were acquitted

  27. Started on a train bound for Memphis • Several white men boarded and picked a fight with 12 black youths • Whites were forced off train by the blacks. The white men reported to the authorities that the blacks had raped two white girls on the train • They were immediately arrested and tried in front of an all-white jury.

  28. The trials caused a huge uproar amongst the black community.

  29. Harper Lee

  30. Wrote To Kill a Mockingbird in 1960 • Based the story on her life growing up in Monroeville, Alabama • TKAM was the only novel she ever wrote

  31. The character of “Dill,” Scout and Jem’s playmate in the novel, was based upon Lee’s actual neighbour, Truman Capote • Capote is famous for amongst other things, In Cold Blood and Breakfast at Tiffany’s. • It has been said that he gave Lee Mockingbird as a gift.

  32. In 1962 the novel was turned into a film starring Gregory Peck. • It received a humanitarian award and several Academy Award nominations

  33. The End (of The Depression) • Thank you for watching my presentation. • PowerPoint™- the Opposite of Teaching - the Future of Teaching

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