Trends and issues in contemporary nursing education

1. Trends and issues in contemporary nursing education

2. Objectives • Describe forces and issues driving nursing education in the 21st century. • Apply at least one theory to nursing education. • Define components of curriculum development and design & redesign. • Identify different approaches to teaching. • Explain teaching methodologies applicable for adult learners.

3. Then → Now • Then: Traditional approach – objectives with closely orchestrated learning experiences; faculty controlled • Now: Competencies and outcomes; focus on “end product”; faculty-student collaborative learning process

4. External Forces & Issues Driving Nursing Education • MDG’s • Global issues - global violence - demographic changes - technological advances - globalization - environmental challenges

5. Internal Forces & Issues Driving Nursing Education • WHO Standards for Basic Nursing Education (2009) • Nursing care delivery systems • Nursing shortage • New and emerging degrees • 21 competencies for the 21st century (Bellack & O’Neil, 2000)

6. Strategies to identify Forces and Issues in Indonesia related to Nursing Education • Comparison of WHO Standards with nursing education programs in Indonesia • Environmental scan • Forecasting • Epidemiology • Survey research/Consensus building

7. Learning & Education Theories • Boyer’s Scholarship of Engagement • Kolb’s Learning Cycle • Bloom’s taxonomy of learning objectives • Knowles’s adult learning theory

8. Components of Curriculum Development and Design • Type of undergraduate nursing program: diploma, associate or baccalaureate degree • Curriculum design: - blocked content - integrated content • Sequencing of courses (master plan)

9. Use of Theory in Curriculum Development • Single specific nursing theory or model • Concepts from multiple theories or models

10. Next Steps • Mission • Vision • Core Values • Philosophy • Competencies (with leveling) • Curriculum outcomes • Quality improvement activities

11. Accrediting Bodies • National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission (NLNAC) • Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE)

12. Teaching Approaches • Lecture • Problem-based learning • Competency-based learning • Concept mapping • Portfolio • Self-learning packets

13. Student Learning Styles • Characteristics of the learner • Diversity of learners • Learning style preferences

14. Types of Learners • Visual (25%) • Auditory (30%) • Kinesthetic (45%) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesthetic_learning

15. Learning Style • Lecture • Reading • Audio-visual • Demonstration • Discussion group • Practice by doing • Teaching others • Immediate application in real situation • Knowledge Retention - 10% - 20% - 30% - 50% - 75% - 85% - 90% - 90% (National Training Laboratory Institute, Alexandria, VA, 2006)

16. What do we want to “stick” ? • Disease processes • Assessment data • Critical thinking • Nursing diagnoses • Interventions • Emergent care • Desired outcomes • Customer service

17. Adult learner education components • Reflection: Analysis of experiences, observations, feelings, and perceptions Strategies include thinking out loud; journaling

18. Adult learner education components • Understanding & Making Connections: between anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, disease processes, interventions, medications, patient care, patient teaching, impact on family, community • Care mapping; concept maps, care planning, etc.

19. Interactive Learning Methodologies • Action methods • Literature • Art • Memory aides

20. Action Methods • Drama • Case scenarios • Simulation • Soap operas/television segments

21. Hmong Practices

22. Case Scenarios Labor Patients

23. Simulation Perinatal Loss

24. Time with my son (D. Armstrong, 2001)

25. Literature

26. Ignaz Semmelweis (D. Armstrong, 2001)

28. Art • Audio clips • Video clips • Photography • Artwork

29. Postpartum Hemorrhage

30. Memory Aides • Acronym • Visual aides • Poetry • Music • Games

31. BUBBLE-HER (acronym) • B – breasts • U – uterus • B – bowels • B – bladder • L – lochia • E – episiotomy (stitches)/ laceration/incision • H – Homan’s sign • E – emotional status • R – RhoGam candidate? Rubella vaccine?

32. Cardinal Movements of the Fetus • Descent • Flexion • Internal rotation • Extension • Restitution • External Rotation • Expulsion

34. “It’s a Decel”(tune of “Clementine”) It’s a decel; it’s a decel to the left and to the right Turn the Pit off; grab the 02 Let the doc know we’re all right!

35. “Hang the Mag”(tune of “Taps”) Hang the Mag; or she’ll seize Don’t you know that she has clonus three? Hang the Mag; or she’ll seize Won’t you, please?

36. Games • Perinatal Trivial Pursuit • Postpartum Bingo • Want to be a Millionaire • Are you Smarter than a Student Nurse?

37. Small Group Learning Activity • Break into small groups • Choose a topic (disease process, assessment data, nursing interventions, emergent care, desired outcome, etc.) • Choose an interactive learning process • Create your tool to “Make It Stick”!

38. Share Time

39. Future Trends & Issues in Nursing Education • Increased collaboration between nursing practice and nursing education • Increased emphasis on collaboration between healthcare disciplines • Increased development of educational products for faculty and students • Increased student and nurse mobility (including increased licensure mobility) • Increased distance (online) learning • Schools of nursing providing ongoing professional development for competence requirements • Increased teaching of evidence-based practice.

40. THANK YOU!