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Assc. Prof. Dr. Truong Vinh Chemical Engineering Department , Nong Lam University HCM city

EEP 3-V-053 Project : Biodiesel Production from closed-algae growing system s using waste water of Ethanol Plant in Vietnam: The prospects for application. 3th Forum Ha Noi 20-21 December 2012. Assc. Prof. Dr. Truong Vinh Chemical Engineering Department , Nong Lam University HCM city.

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Assc. Prof. Dr. Truong Vinh Chemical Engineering Department , Nong Lam University HCM city

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  1. EEP 3-V-053 Project:Biodiesel Production from closed-algae growing systems using waste water of Ethanol Plant in Vietnam: The prospects for application 3th Forum Ha Noi 20-21 December 2012 Assc. Prof. Dr. Truong Vinh Chemical Engineering Department, Nong Lam University HCM city

  2. Introduction to biodiesel and algae. Introduction to ethanol plant. Introduction to algal-biodiesel from ethanol plant. Two-stage growing experiment in fresh water. Growing experiment in wastewater without stress treatment. Photobioreactor development. Discussion Proposed growing model for large scale algal production based on two-stage growing methodology Conclusion Contents

  3. Why biodiesel ? The resources of fossil fuel is expected to be reduced in the next decades. Consumption of diesel is 6 times of petrol. Combustion of fossil diesel produces CO2 causing global warming: 240ppm to 345ppm during the 20th century. Need to replace fossil fuel by other sources of energy: wind, solar, biodiesel. Biodiesel is one of the renewable energy resources (wind, solar can not be used directly for transport). Direct use of biodiesel in diesel engine is cleaner than fossil diesel: less emission of greenhouse gas such as CO, CO2, SO2, NOx. INTRODUCTION TO BIODIESEL

  4. INTRODUCTION TO ALGAE • Less land used => No food competition problem • Algae+CO2= Energy =>Less gas emission Why microalgae ? (Source: Martha Groom, University of Washington; * Emissions produced during the growing, harvesting, refining and burning) • Oil crops, waste cooking oil and animal fat : a potential renewable, carbon neutral fuels, available technology, food competition problem • Microalgae: high productivity, less competition with feed crop, less CO2 emission => renewable resources of energythat has the potential to completelydisplace fossil diesel

  5. Name of company: Green Field Join Stock Company • Location: Quang Nam Province, Vietnam • Specification of the ethanol plant: • Ethanol production: 100,000 ton/year • Waste water release: 4000 m3/day • Cooling water release: this river water used to cool the ethanol distillation equipment with the rate of 8000 m3/day at temperature of 60oC. • CO2 resource: fermentation of cassava produced 20,000 ton CO2/year 1.INTRODUCTION TO ETHANOL PLANT

  6. Cheap CO2 source Ethanol Plant High Nutrition Cassava => Fermentation => Ethanol + CO2 + Waste water + Residual 2.INTRODUCTION TO algal-biodiesel from ethanol plant Microalgae => Photobioreactor =>biodiesel+glycerine+chlorophyll +Waste Growing System Biodegradable Film Food color Antioxidant Fertilizer Biodiesel Plant

  7. Dried biomass Wet biomass Dry extraction Oil separation Oil refining Biodiesel Reaction Product Separation Glycerin Purification Biodiesel Purification Harvesting Drying Second stage of growing 3. Production Process of biodiesel from algae in two-stage growing system Treatments Wet extraction First stage of growing Methanol Catalyst Algae growth in photo-bioreactor Algae seed production

  8. 3.1 GROWING WITHOUT TREATMENT Composition of algae grown without treatment is suitable for Functional Food

  9. 3.1 GROWING WITH TREATMENT • Methodology: • Experiment 1: • Growing in Basal medium for 7 days • Transfering to new medium contained 15, 30, 45, and 60 % Basal nutrient. The control sample was the 100% Basal medium • Continueing to grow for 7 days and harvest • Experiment 2: • Best result from experiment 1 was used with modification of Basal medium and variation of initial cell density

  10. 3.2 GROWING WITH TREATMENT: results of experiment 1

  11. 3.2 GROWING WITH TREATMENT: results of experiment 2

  12. 3.2 GROWING WITH TREATMENT: Conclusion • Nutrient stress treatment decreased the biomass but improved the oil content compared to the control. • At the treatment 30% of Basal nutrient (in equivalent to deprivation of 70% of nutrient), oil content was highest with crude oil of 0.47 g/L and refined oil of 0.36 g/L. • At the treatment 30% of Basal medium, with additional of MgSO4 (Modified 1) and initial cell density of 8 106/mL, the oil content was 60%.

  13. 4.Growing experiment in wastewater without stress treatment Nutrient in waste water of ethanol plant

  14. 4.Growing experiment in wastewater without stress treatment Experimental design: the waste water was dilute with variation of the ratio between waste water and fresh water/cooling water from 20% to 100% (v/v) as in shown the following table: Growth condition: container 1.5 liter, fluorescent light with light intensity of 110 μmol/m2s using 4 fluorescent lamps of 40W

  15. 4.Growing experiment in wastewater without stress treatment: results

  16. 4.Growing experiment in wastewater without stress treatment: oil content and biomass • The algae could not survive in the media that contained higher 60% of waste water. • At 20% of waste water, the algae grew well and better than in normal Basal medium. The cell density was 230 million/mL after 14 days of growing. The productivity of algae grown in 20% waste was 3.5g/L with crude oil content of 57%

  17. 4.Growing experiment in wastewater without stress treatment: Using LED light • Experimental design: • The waste water /cooling water of 20% , 25% and 30% (v/v) was used as nutrients for algal growing • Two sources of light were compared: fluorescent light (4 lamps of 40W) and LED light (4 lamps of 21 W) • Algae were grown in 1.5 liter bottles.

  18. 4.Growing experiment in wastewater without stress treatment: Using LED light Results: No significant different between cell density of algae grown under fluorescent and LED light after 8 days (P>0.05)

  19. 4.Growing experiment in wastewater without stress treatment: Using LED light Results: the algae growed best at 25% of waste water for both light sources => using LED light saved half of energy

  20. 4.Growing experiment in wastewater without stress treatment: benefit from waste and CO2

  21. 5.PHOTOBIOREACTOR DEVELOPMENT • Purpose: • Cheap price: plastic material for tube • Contamination control: closed system • Low operation cost: minimal pump energy

  22. 5.1 Photobioreactor parameters Table 2:Summary of characteristics of different developed PBRS for experiments

  23. 5.2 PhotobioreactorsContamination controlSimple construction LCP400-D170 81 liter/m2 LCP400-D140 70 liter/m2 Treatment system

  24. 5.2 PhotobioreactorsContamination controlSimple construction LCP2500-D170: 2.5 m3 Width x Length = 2.5 m x 15 m 81 liter/m2

  25. 5.3GROWING IN PBRS The growing of algae Chlorellavulgarisin PBR LCP-170 Initial number of cell was 106cell/ml Figure 4: Algae density and OD of Chlorellavulgaris as function of growing time

  26. 5.4 DISCUSSION Comparison of biomass cost produced from PBRs of different tube sizes of experimental systems with and without treatment The cost of oil reduced by 4 times with stress treatment

  27. 6.DISCUSSION • Microalgae is renewable resource of energy that has the potential to displace fossil diesel • Technology should be improved to reduce cost by improving of algae strain, growing methodology. • Wet extraction or solar drying should be considered to reduce the production cost • Growing in waste water using CO2 of ethanol plant provided high productivity and reduced production cost • Growth methodology in PBR should be combined with stress treatment (two stage growing) to optimize the biodiesel production from microalgae.

  28. 7.Proposed growing model for large scale algal production based on two-stage growing methodology Methodology: Two-stage growing technology: First stage-Growing => Second stage-Treatment Strategy: Using sun energy as sustainable resource for algal-biodiesel production : Combination between direct sun light and solar panels as electrical source for LED light in order to stabilize the light source during the year.

  29. 7.Proposed growing model for large scale algal production based on two-stage growing methodology Solar panel Plastic house LED light Harvest - Seed culti. Harvest - Seed culti. Harvest - Seed culti. Sun drying Cultivation-outdoor Sun drying 15m Cultivation-indoor Plastic house Plastic house 17m Plastic house 15m First stage

  30. 7.Proposed growing model for large scale algal production based on two-stage growing methodology Harvest - Seed cultivation. Harvest - Seed cultivation Harvest - Seed cultivation Treatment Treatment Treatment Treatment Treatment Treatment Second stage

  31. 8.Conclusion • Initial results of project EEP-3-V-053 indicated that waste water of ethanol can be used as nutrient for algal growth to produce biodiesel with a contribution to cost saving of 1.5%. • Using the available CO2 source produced from ethanol plant decreased the production cost by 40%. • Autotrophic growth of algae for biodiesel is sustainable because it uses sun as energy. • However, sun energy is not stable for algal growing due to the weather change during the year • Therefore, solar panel is propose to stablise the light source • LED light is expected to use to reduce the investment of the solar panels. • Two – stage growing method can be used to enhance the oil content. • Energy used in extraction of oil from algae is reduced significantly by either wet extraction method or sun drying/solar drying. • The improvement of other technologies such as plastic material for tubes of PBR, efficiency of LED light, solar panel, etc, is important

  32. Contact adress: Truong Vinh Chemical Engineering Department Nona Lam University, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam tv@hcmuaf.edu.vn 0903862721 Thank you

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