1 / 30

LIFE’S HOME:

Lesson # 11. LIFE’S HOME:. The Cell. Atoms. Molecules . Organelles. Cells. Atoms combine to form molecules. Small molecules: water Macromolecules: DNA, proteins. Highly organized structures with one special function. Ex: mitochondria, ribosomes.

evania
Download Presentation

LIFE’S HOME:

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Lesson # 11 LIFE’S HOME: The Cell

  2. Atoms Molecules Organelles Cells Atoms combine to form molecules Small molecules: water Macromolecules: DNA, proteins Highly organized structures with one special function. Ex: mitochondria, ribosomes Each cell contains hundred of organelles. They can do all things listed previously. Life actually occurs in cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organisms A collection of cells that serve a common function. Ex: muscle tissue. A functioning unit formed by several kinds of tissues. Ex: The heart, a blood vessel, the brain Different organs that work together closely. Ex: Cardio- vascular system, respiratory system, nervous system Organisms can be formed by only one cell ( bacteria) or trillions of cells organized in organ systems (human). Community Population Ecosystem Biosphere Members of a single type of living thing (species), living in one area. All the kind of living things in a given area (several species). The community of organisms plus all the non-living elements The interactive collections of all the Earth’s ecosystems

  3. -They have no nucleus. Prokaryotic cells - Usually are smaller (bacteria and archaea) - Single-celled organisms - No membranous organelles -They have a membrane-bound nucleus. Eukaryotic cells (plants, animals and fungi) - Usually are larger - Often multicellular organisms - Membranous organelles All Cells Are Either Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic Cells

  4. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Compared Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells DNA in “nucleoid” region within membrane-bound nucleus Size much smaller much larger Organization often multicellular always single-celled Organelles only one type of organelle many types of organelles

  5. The Eukaryotic Cell The human body has 50 to 100 trillion cells The trillions of cells in the human body include over 200 different cell types

  6. Nucleus Cytoskeleton Organelles Cytosol Plasma membrane

  7. Along the Protein Production Path Proteins are assembled in the ribosomes, which are in the cytoplasm Nucleus The instructions for the assembling are in the nucleus Ribosomes Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi complex Plasma membrane

  8. THE NUCLEUS Functions 1- It contains the DNA, which contains all the information for protein synthesis 2- It is the place where the DNA duplicates 3- It contains the nucleolus where the ribosomes are produced Nuclear envelope

  9. Nucleolus THE NUCLEOLUS It is the area within the nucleus where the ribosomes are produced

  10. THE RIBOSOMES 1- They are the organelles that serve as the site of protein synthesis in the cell 2- Ribosomes are not lined by a membrane 3- Ribosomes are made of ribosomal RNA ( rRNA ) and proteins 4- Ribosomes are produced in the nucleolus

  11. Ribosomal RNA ( rRNA ) Messenger RNA ( mRNA ) Transference RNA ( tRNA ) rRNA + proteins mRNA mRNA tRNA tRNA Types of RNA 1- Ribosomal RNA ( rRNA ): it is structural part of the ribosomes 2- Messenger RNA ( mRNA ): It carries the instructions from the DNA to the cytoplasm for the synthesis of proteins 3- Transfer RNA ( tRNA ): Select and transport the aminoacids to be incorporated in the polypeptide chain Aminoacids

  12. The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum It is a network of membranes that collect the proteins assembled in the ribosomes and transfer them to the Golgi complex

  13. Golgi Complex Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

  14. The Golgi Complex It is a network of membranes that process and distribute proteins that come to it from the rough endoplasmic reticulum

  15. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum It is a network of membranes that is the site of synthesis of various lipids and where harmful substances are detoxified within the cells.

  16. The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum 1- It is farther form the nucleus 2- It does not contain ribosomes 3- It is the site where lipids are synthesized ( triglycerides, steroid hormones, etc) 4- It is the site where harmful substances are detoxified within the cells

  17. The Lysosomes They are organelles that digest worn-out cellular materials and foreign materials that enter the cell. The lysosomes contain about 40 different enzymes, in an acidic medium, that can break larger molecules into their component parts. The lysosomes digest bacteria that enter the cells and also damaged organelles that exist inside the cells.

  18. ATP ATP The Mitochondria They are the site of the cell where energy from food is converted to ATP

  19. The Cytoskeleton It is a network of protein filaments, which has the following functions: 1- Maintain the cell structure ( scaffolding) 2- It is involved in cell movement 3- Transport of materials within the cell

  20. Common Structures in Animal and Plant Cells

  21. Cell wall Central vacuole Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells Plastids

  22. Nutrient storage, pigmentation, photosynthesis ( chloroplasts ) Cell wall Limit water uptake, maintain cell membrane shape, protect from outside influences Central vacuole Cell metabolism, pH balance, digestion, water maintenance Plastids

More Related