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Development & Implementation. Final Design Documentation. Working Drawings Assembly Drawings Presentations Reports. Working Drawings. A drawing that supplies information and instructions for the manufacture or construction of machines and structures.
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Final Design Documentation • Working Drawings • Assembly Drawings • Presentations • Reports
Working Drawings • A drawing that supplies information and instructions for the manufacture or construction of machines and structures. • Typically shows individual views of the object.
Assembling Drawing • A drawing showing the product in its completed state. • An exploded assembly is a very common type of assembly drawing. It shows the individual pieces of the object unassembled, and it shows the pieces aligned to each other demonstrating how to assemble the object.
Reports • Data collected in regards to product development and engineering tasks and expenses • Design and Development • Engineering • Testing • Tooling
Prototyping of Design Solutions • Models are used as representations of system design for refinement and testing of the product. • Mock-ups, prototypes, presentation • CAD: wireframe, surface, solid • Rapid prototype (RP): generating a physical model from a CAD database. Stereolithography is one of the most common types of RP.
Stereolithography • A low-power laser beam is traced across a vat of a liquid polymer. • The UV light from the laser beam solidifies the polymer. • This first layer is then lowered, by the thickness of the slice, down into the vat of resin. • The laser again traces the next slice in the file on top of the first one. • This procedure is repeated until the model is completed. • Finally the model is cured in a UV oven to ensure stability.
Stereolithography Stereolithographic Part
Testing & Analysis • Part or product must be able to stand up to the stresses that it will be subjected to during its operational lifetime. • Usually accomplished by subjecting the part or a model of the part to various forms of testing. • Testing Forms • non-destructive • destructive • computer analysis
Analysis • Three Types of Data • survey data • design data • comparison data • Which get turned into: • graphs • charts • diagrams
Survey Data • Data that is collected by a company's marketing department which attempts to gauge the public’s reaction to the product.
Design Data • This type of information is obtained by analyzing the performance of test models. • Increasingly, more of this data collecting is done via the computer.
Model Analysis • Three-dimensional modeling • Provides a visual image of the part • Provides analysis of mechanical properties • Interference of Fits • Collision Detection of Moving Parts • Density • Tensile Strength • Stress • Heat Transfer • Deflection Fishing Reel Spool
Design Data - Mass Properties MASS AREA VOLUME Mass Area Volume Fishing Spool Reel
Design Data – Finite Element Analysis (FEA) • A type of computer analysis where a model of the object is broken into discrete elements connected at node points (corners). This collection of elements is called a “MESH”. • Computer simulates the models operating environment, such as load, temperature, and pressure. The computer determines how the discrete elements of the mesh behave. Do they deform or keep their integrity? • Data are generated, such as stress/strain concentrations, to predict the strength and weakness of the model. • Areas of stress/strain displayed as different colors. High stress red/orange, low stress blue/green.
Design Data – Finite Element Analysis (FEA) Low Stress Concentration Stress Range High Stress Concentration Discrete Element