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Earth and Moon

Earth and Moon. Our home and our nearest neighbor. Earth-Moon System. Distance from the earth to the moon: 384,000 km Less than the radius of the Sun (696,000 km). Tides. Synchronous rotation. The Earth’s Interior. How do we know what the Earth looks like inside?. Seismology.

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Earth and Moon

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  1. Earth and Moon Our home and our nearest neighbor

  2. Earth-Moon System • Distance from the earth to the moon: • 384,000 km • Less than the radius of the Sun (696,000 km)

  3. Tides Synchronous rotation

  4. The Earth’s Interior

  5. How do we know what the Earth looks like inside? • Seismology

  6. Differentiation and Heat • A differentiated planet is not the same all the way through. A homogeneous planet is the same. • Heating a planet allows movement. • Heavier materials sink to the inside and lighter materials rise. Sources of Heat

  7. The Earth’s Surface • 70% water, 30% rock • Continental crust is less dense than oceanic crust

  8. Rocks • Rocks are made of minerals • Types of rocks: • Igneous rocks are those that have formed from a molten state (volcano made) • Sedimentary rocks are composed of fragments of other rocks that are cemented together (water made) • Metamorphic rocks are produced from either igneous or sedimentary rocks that have been buried and modified by high temperatures and pressures

  9. Why does the earth look like this? Processes that alter the surface of the earth: • Endogenic • Forces that act from inside the earth: • Volcanic • Erosional • Tectonic • These forces can make rocks • Exogenic • Forces that act from outside the earth: • Cratering

  10. Tectonics Any movement of the earth • Folding • Fracturing • Earthquakes • Plate tectonics

  11. Plate Tectonics

  12. Volcanoes Spreading centers

  13. Volcanoes Converging plate margins

  14. Volcanoes - Hotspots

  15. Volcanoes

  16. Erosion

  17. Atmosphere

  18. Atmosphere

  19. Terrestrial greenhouse effect

  20. Magnetosphere

  21. Moon - Interior

  22. Moon - Surface Lunar rocks are mostly igneous

  23. Lunar surface features

  24. Origin of the moon • Current theory – planetesimal hits protoplanetary earth

  25. Lunar exploration

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