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Genetic Code and Translation

Genetic Code and Translation. Outline. Concepts and Terms related to genetic code Wobble Degeneracy isoaccepting Translation prokaryote eukaryotes. Amino Acid. Transfer RNA. ribosome. Genetic Code Table 1968. Wobble. Degeneracy & mRNA. Isoaccepting & tRNAs.

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Genetic Code and Translation

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  1. Genetic Code and Translation

  2. Outline • Concepts and Terms related to genetic code • Wobble • Degeneracy • isoaccepting • Translation • prokaryote • eukaryotes

  3. Amino Acid Transfer RNA ribosome

  4. Genetic Code Table 1968 Wobble Degeneracy & mRNA

  5. Isoaccepting & tRNAs Different tRNAs accept same amino acid!

  6. We will focus our discussion of translation as a “Nonoverlapping Code” mRNA sequences

  7. Animation of Prokaryotes Translation http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter14/animations.html

  8. Steps of Translation • 1. Binding of amino acids to tRNA • 2. Initiation • 3. Elongation • 4. Termination • 5. Peptide Release • 6. Protein modification

  9. Step 1 Binding of amino acid to tRNA

  10. It takes two steps to “charge” the tRNA Aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase (proofreading activity) Amino acid+ATP tRNA is charged

  11. Up close view of “charged” tRNA

  12. Bacterial Initiation Step 2: Initiation of Translation IF3

  13. 30S

  14. Note 3 ribosomal sites P A E 70S E A

  15. Kozak Eukaryotic Initiation key differences

  16. 3. ELONGATION: look at the “EPA” sites Peptidyl transferase (ribozyme of large subunit)

  17. Up close view of translation

  18. Elongation continues on ribosomes

  19. UAA UAG UGA Steps 4 and 5: Termination and Release

  20. 6. Lipoprotein Glycoprotein

  21. Many antibiotics target prokaryotic translation.

  22. Tetracyclines Chloramphenicol Streptoymycin Erythromycin Bind and block bacterial ribosomes “A” site Binds to large subunit; blocks peptide formation Blocks initiation step Blocks translocation step Antibiotics and Translation

  23. For your review: Summary of important steps involved in translation

  24. 1. 2.

  25. 3.

  26. 4.

  27. 5.

  28. 6. Protein Modifications

  29. Eukaryotic translation is very similar except: • More IF’s • Kozak sequence • 5’CAP • 3’poly-A tail

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