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Glaciers

Glaciers. Formation of glacial features An Ice block with sediment representing a glacier will be placed in a “stream table with sand”. The block will “flow” across the surface of the sediment in the stream tables. Your objective is to observe any features that form from the glaciers movement.

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Glaciers

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  1. Glaciers

  2. Formation of glacial features • An Ice block with sediment representing a glacier will be placed in a “stream table with sand”. • The block will “flow” across the surface of the sediment in the stream tables. • Your objective is to observe any features that form from the glaciers movement. • In addition, we will allow the blocks to melt overnight and observe again to identify newly formed features. Glacier Demo #1

  3. Flow rate of a glacier and slope • Two Ooblek glaciers will be placed in two columns with different slopes. • An observer will record the distance traveled every 10 minutes. • We will then calculate the average rate of glacier movement. • What other variables (besides slope) could we change to create more experiments? Glacier Demo #2

  4. Tell us about past climates on Earth • Ice stores atmospheric particles from ancient Earth • Glacierscontain 68.7% of the Earth’s fresh water supply • 10% of the Earth’s landmass is covered by glaciers • Glaciers affect the landscape • Glaciers come and go • Ice Ages! Why Study Glaciers?

  5. Continental • Flows outward from a zone of accumulation to cover a large part of a continent • Ex: Antarctica and Greenland • Valley or Alpine • Begin in high mountain areas and flow to lower elevations • Ex: Mt. Rainier and Swiss Alps Types of Glaciers

  6. Side view of a glacier • Accumulation Zone • Temperatures remain below freezing (No melting) • Allows snow to build up and compact over time • Ablation Zone • Temperatures are below freezing (Melting Occurs) • Glacier dissipates How a Glacier Forms

  7. When a glacier moves it is referred to as flow and glaciers are constantly flowing. • Gravity is the driving force behind glacial flow • Glaciers flow in two ways • Plastic flow: (movement within the ice) • Under high pressures, the normally brittle ice begins to distort and change shape • Demonstration #2 • Basal Slip: liquid water and mud at the bottom of the glacier reduce friction How Glaciers Move http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njTjfJcAsBg

  8. Balance between accumulation and ablation • If accumulation is greater than ablation then the terminus of the glacier will ______________________? • If ablation is greater than accumulation than the terminus of the glacier will ______________________? • Calving: large pieces of ice break off at the terminus Glacial Budget http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hC3VTgIPoGU&feature=player_embedded

  9. Continental • Striations • Grooves • Two methods of erosion: • Plucking: rocks and sediments become embedded in the ice • Abrasion: rock fragments in ice act like sandpaper • Landforms • Valley • Glacial troughs • Hanging valleys • Cirques • Aretes • Horns Glacial Erosion

  10. As ablation occurs, sediment is dropped from the ice or melt water deposits sediment called outwash • Till: Deposited directly by the glacier (Unsorted) • Stratified drift: deposited by glacial meltwater (Sorted by size) • Continental • Terminal and recessional moraines • Outwash Plains • Kettles and Kettle Lakes • Drumlins and Eskers • Valley • Lateral moraines • Terminal and ground moraines Glacial Deposition

  11. Video to recap everything • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-cBcMfaSxpk

  12. Glacial Features of New York!

  13. Images for Skill Sheet 1

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