Political Theory

1. Reframing the Meaning of Democracy:The Globalization of Democratic Development, Viewed through the Paradigms of Political Science, Political Practice, and Political PhilosophyRichard W. Chadwick

2. Three Major Paradigms: Political Philosophy, Science, Praxis Three Minor Paradigms: Political Theory, Culture, Data Political Theory Political Science Political Philosophy Political Practice (praxis) Political Data Political Culture

3. Theory, data, culture: semantic spaces within which are created models of the possible, real and desirable, respectively. Models of the Possible Science Philosophy Models of the Real Practice (praxis) Models of the Desirable

4. Political Science: Goal: dissonance reduction between models of the possible and models of the real Political Theory Collected data driving theory (grounded theory, hypothesis testing,…) Theory driving data collection Political Philosophy Political Data Practice (praxis) Faith in Political Science Subculture

5. Faith in Political Theory Political Practice: Goal: dissonance reduction between models of the real and models of the desirable Science Philosophy “Reality” driving visions (“realistic” adjustment) Political Data Political Subculture Struggle to achieve political goals

6. Political Philosophy: Goal: dissonance reduction between models of the possible and models of the desirable Political Theory Develop political theory that makes the desirable possible (values driven theory development) Political Science Develop new culture model(s) consistent with theory Faith in Political Data (“History” - past, present, future) Political Practice Political Subculture

7. A Framework for Global Democratic Development, and Its Alternative + Fear Political Stability Machiavellian cycle + + Liberal democracy cycle + Repression Social Justice

8. Social Justice: Stress (dissonance) reduction across Maslow’s Ends and Lasswell’s Means Values: Part I. Types of Dissonance (GDA Gaps) Drift (expectations) Theory Disempowerment (need for “power”) Alienation (need for “affection”) science philosophy Actual (perceptions) Data Culture(s) Goal(s) (needs, wants,hopes) praxis Frustration (need for “achievement”)

9. Self- actualization (fulfillment) Lasswell’s Value Checklist: Social Means to Attaining Maslow’s Checklist of Basic Needs I Self- respect (responsibility) Attributes Relations Inner well-being rectitude enlightenment affection Outer wealth power skill respect II Belongingness (love, affection, identities) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Basic Needs, Prioritized by Equal Levels of Perceived Threatened Deprivation III Safety, security (anticipated survival) IV Physiological needs (survival) V