Accessibility Research CSE 590W Spring 2009

1. Accessibility ResearchCSE 590W Spring 2009 Richard Ladner University of Washington

2. Computer Scientists Christian Vogler TV Raman

3. Computer Scientists Hideji Nagaoka Tsukuba U. of Tech Chieko Asakawa IBM Japan

4. Engineer Iraq War Veteran Jonathan Kuniholm

5. Geerat Vermeij Geerat Vermeij, Ph.D. Evolutionary Biologist

6. Steven Hawking

7. UW Students Zach Lattin Math Major Sangyun Hahn Ph.D. Student CSE 5

8. The Message • People with disabilities can do almost anything in almost any scientific field. • People with disabilities are often highly motivated to pursue careers in accessibility research.

9. What We’ll Do Today • Models of Disability • Data • History – Disability and HCI • Accessibility Research at UW • Discussion

10. Models of Disability • Medical Model • Disabled people are patients who need treatment and/or cure. • Rehabilitation Model • Disabled people need assistive technology for employment and everyday life. • Legal Model • Disabled people are citizens who have rights and responsibilities like other citizens. Accessibility to public buildings and spaces, voting, television, and telephone are some of those rights. • Social Model • Disabled people are part of the diversity of life, not necessarily in need of treatment and cure. They do need access when possible.

11. Technology • Prosthesis • Augmentation to restore lost function. Call it a “cure.” • Assistive technology • Popular in rehabilitation literature. Emphasis on the need for assistance. • Access technology • Allows an activity that would be difficult to impossible to achieve without it. Emphasis not on restoring function, but on achieving an end goal by whatever means possible. • Examples: Screen readers, video phones, wheel chairs

12. What We’ll Do Today • Models of Disability • Data • History – Disability and HCI • Accessibility Research at UW • Discussion

13. Basic Data • 16% of US population to ages 15 to 64 is disabled. • 10% of the workforce is disabled • 5% of the STEM workforce is disabled • 1% of PhDs in STEM are disabled

14. Demographics General Population Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation, 2002

15. Demographics Ages 14-21 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs, www.ideadata.org

16. What We’ll Do Today • Models of Disability • Data • History – Disability and HCI • Accessibility Research at UW • Discussion

17. CHI “Disability” Search • Year Number • 1982 – 85 0 • 1986 – 90 10 (4%) • 1990 – 95 15 (5%) • 1996 – 00 20 (6%) • 2001 – 05 90 (23%) • 2006 – 08 71 (17%) (3 years)

18. Earliest CHI Papers - 1987 • “A case example of human factors in product definition: needs finding for a voice output workstation for the blind” • Richard M. Kane, Matthew Yuschik • “A user interface for deaf-blind people” • Richard Ladner, Randy Day, Dennis Gentry, Karin Meyer, Scott Rose • “Towards universality of access: interfacing physically disabled students to the Icon educational microcomputer” • Gerbrand Verburg, Debbie Field, Francois St. Pierre, Stephen Naumann

19. Other Conferences • ASSETS • ACM • ICCHP • Europe • CSUN • Cal State Northridge • ATIA • Industry Conference • W4A • Collocated with WWW

20. What We’ll Do Today • Models of Disability • Data • History – Disability and HCI • Accessibility Research at UW • Discussion

21. UW Faculty Involvement • Richard Ladner (CSE) • Dan Weld (CSE) • James Landay (CSE) • Gaetano Borriello (CSE) • Yoky Matsuoka (CSE) • Jake Wobbrock (Information School) • Eve Riskin (EE) • Mari Ostendorf (EE) • Jeff Bilmes (EE) • Julie Kientz (ISchool and TC) • Shwetak Patel (CSE,EE)

22. UW Research Students with Disabilities • Shawn Kane* • Sangyun Hahn* • Zack Lattin* • Lindsay Yazzolino* • Stewart Olsen* • Matt Starn • Jason Schwebke • Annemarie Poginy* • Tim Shockley* • Jessie Shulman * • Andy Martin* • Barbara Wagreich* *Co-authors

23. VoiceDraw 2007-8 National Scholar Award for Workplace Innovation & Design, 2nd place Susumu Harada, Jeff Bilmes, James Landay

24. - Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Award for Technology Collaboration (2008) - Microsoft Imagine Cup Accessible Technology Award (2008) - W4A Accessibility Challenge Delegate’s Award (2008) WebAnywhere Jeff Bigham

25. Supple CHI 2008 Best Paper Award Krzysztof Z Gajos, Jacob O. Wobbrock and Daniel S. Weld.

26. ANATOMICALLY CORRECT TESTBED ROBOTIC HAND Yoky Matsuoka MacArthur Foundation Award 2007

27. Other Centers of Excellence • University of Wisconsin • TRACE Center • Carnegie Mellon University / University of Pittsburgh • Quality of Life Center • Georgia Institute of Technology • University of Colorado • MIT

28. What We’ll Do Today • Models of Disability • Data • History – Disability and HCI • Accessibility Research at UW • Discussion

29. Concepts in HCI • User Centered Design • Involve the user at every step • Universal Design • Design for all users, if possible • Design for User Empowerment • Design to enable people to solve their own accessibility problems, if possible

30. Lab vs. Field Studies • Lab + Log every event, maybe even mental activity + Control the variables + Same tasks - Limited time - Applicability may be suspect • Field + Log many events, but not all + Unlimited time + Applicability assured • Different tasks • User logging might be inaccurate

31. Challenges • Fitts’ Law for blind people • Original Fitts’ law is actual a psycho-visual-motor law not just a psycho-motor law as claimed. • Could lead to a better screen reader? • Purpose of Research • Publication? • Dissemination and Deployment?

32. Collaboration Meaningful Access Technology Consumers Industry Researchers