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Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

THE SECURITY SITUATION IN THE NORTHWEST DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO:. The Enyele Conflict, Challenges and Recommendations. Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr. P R E S E N T A T I O N P L A N. Introduction and General Context

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Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

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  1. THE SECURITY SITUATION IN THE NORTHWEST DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: The Enyele Conflict, Challenges and Recommendations Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

  2. P R E S E N T A T I O N P L A N • Introduction and General Context • of the North West DRC,Equator • Province • The ENYELE ConflictOutbreak • Outstandingfactschronology • The Present and critical • Humanitarian Situation • Present and forthcoming • challenges, Recommendations • Conclusion Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

  3. INTRODUCTION : • DRC, MOSAIC OF CULTURES AND ORIGINS: • 450 ethnic group, • 3 main luinguistic group (Bantu, • Sudanese, Niloticbesidepygmies), • 250 dialects,amongthem the 4 most • speaked natives languages lingala, • kikongo, tshiluba and swahili • FOR THE SOLE EQUATOR: • Mainly 02 ethnic groups with • independents tribes:Bantu and Sudanese • with predominance of bantu languages • (22 dialects) ,most speaked is Lingala • 27 Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

  4. INTRODUCTION (CONT): DRC, FRAGILE STATE IN POST CONFLICT SITUATION: from post conflict situation to a difficultpeace building and stabilizationsituation,through a reccurent and chronicconflict situation laid on a crucial lack of establishedauthority in many parts of national territory Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

  5. INTRODUCTION (CONT): • THE PARTICULAR CONTEXT OF EQUATOR PROVINCE,DRC NORTHWEST: • One of the widest DRC province; • The mostnatural,laidfallowsince • long,uncropped • The mostpoor in basic • infrastructures and local revenues; • Characterizedsince 2008 by the • reappearance of MonkeyPoxdisease • and floodsbesidecritical social • indicatorssince long Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

  6. INTRODUCTION (CONT): • Before the Enyele conflict, • existence of refugees in neighbor • countries and IDP in Equator • province as consequence of • previous conflicts the exiistence of • former members of Bemba militias • and former demobilized of DDR • phase 1 • Someweaponshiding places Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

  7. INTRODUCTION (CONT): • Recurrent AND sporadic inter- • communautarianl violences since • long, because of limited vital • resources and land conflict. THE ABOVEMENTIONNED DIFFICULTIES OF CRITICAL SOCIAL INDICATORS OF A JEOPARDIZED DEVELOPPMENT AND COMPLEX SECURITY SITUATION HAD CONSTITUTED THE BED FOR THE ENYELE CONFLICT Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

  8. THE ENYELE CONFLICT OUTBREAK • A culture of fisherman's sided to an • agriculture of living • A conflict of natural ponds between two • neighboring communities from Bantu • ethnic group: the Lobala • tribe (also called Enyele) and Bamboma • tribe called also Likola (or Boba), from • respectively the Enyele and Monzaya • villages;the Enyele are straddling the • Ubangui river between the DRC and RoC Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

  9. THE ENYELE CONFLICT OUTBREAK The second half of October, a inter communitarian dispute about fish ponds instigated by a former and dismissed chief of sector, EdouardBokoto, encouraged and inspired by a fetisher, UDJANI which pretend to have a magical power that he can transmit to his adepts and their handed machetes or other weapons, had degenerated in looting and villages destruction, in all the territory of Kungu with Dongo as epicenter, throwing out the established authority of the state Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

  10. Outstandingfactschronology 1946: FIRST KNOWN BATTLE BETWEEN THE TWO TRIBES, CRUSHED SEVERELY BY THE BELGIAN COLONIAL AUTHORITY March 2009: Violences broke out between the two communities, 200 huts was burnt,around 1200 persons fled to RoC 29/30 October 2009: Violent confrontations betweenenyeleyoungmenarmed and the Police which come to reestablishorderafter confrontations withblankweapon and firearmsbetween the ENYELE and the BAMBOMA after one disputaroundnatural ponds, 1st to 8th November 2009: New violences ,police reinforcementsfrom Gemena ,Mbandaka and Kinshasa was sent to Dongo, arrest of approximately one hundredenyeleyoungmen; Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

  11. Outstandingfactschronology 10th November 2009: MONUC observation mission to assess the threat and settlement of a group of 20 MilObs in DONGO 17 to 20th November 2009: Rebels are spreading their action zone to most of Kungu territory villages (Saba Saba, southeast of Dongo, Ngwanza,oppositeside of RoCtown of Impfondo,Buburu and others;IDP are reported in the neighbors district of Equator in the territories of Bomongo,Bolomba Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

  12. Outstandingfactschronology 26th November 2009: MONUC logistic helico attack by the rebels at Dongo ,5 persons wounded 29 November 2009: rebels reach Kungu 05 Décember 2009: Threat above gemena,half of the population of this town flee to Gbadolite, Mbandaka or Kinshasa, in one day Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

  13. Outstandingfactschronology EarlyDecember 2009: • Police, FARDC and MONUC are planning joint operations to adress the conflictthreat; operations to beimplemented on three axis: • NORTH AXIS , Gemena-Mbari-Libenge; • CENTRAL AXIS: Gemena-Bozene-Kungu-Dongo, and • SOUTH AXIS: Mbandaka-Imessealong the river Ubangui, to sweep the Regionfrom the rebels Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

  14. Outstandingfactschronology 16 December 2009: Effective deployment of the task force constituted of 500 MONUC peacekeeping troops from the Ghanaian,Tunisian and Egyptian contingents as well as troops from the Guatemalan Special Forces with light boats to one side and of two battalions of rapid reaction force,one battalion of navy infantry and two battalions of police the other side Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

  15. Outstandingfactschronology 13December 2009: resumption of Dongo by the FARDC 16 December 2009: temporary operational basis is functional in Dongo, as well as in nearby Bozene Military for the operations support Second half of December 2009: Intense sweeping operations take place against the rebels 3rdJanuary 2010: According to peacekeeping sources,157 Enyelerebelsdead and one dead and 14 wounded for the Gov forces Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

  16. The Present and critical Humanitarian Situation WHILE THE SWEEPING OPERATIONS ARE GOING ON TO FINISH WITH THE REBELS RUNNING AWAY,A HUMANITARIAN CRISIS HAD TAKE PLACE Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

  17. PREVIOUS IDP AND REFUGEES SITUATION (BEFORE THE CONFLICT) 3000 Rfg 8200 IDP 48000 Rfg Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

  18. PRESENT IDP AND REFUGEES SITUATION 3000 Rfg + 18000 CAR 21000 8200 IDP + 60000 48000 Rfg+83 912 RoC 131912 DRC/EQ 68200 IDP Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

  19. Humanitarian Situation after the conflict • CROPS LOST • UXOS INCREASE • SEXUAL VIOLENCES AND • UNACCOMPAGNIED KIDS • SCHOOL DESTRUCTION AROUND ONE THOUSAND • DEPRIVING OF SCHOOL AROUND 200,000 SCHOOLBOYS Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

  20. Present and forthcoming Challenges, Recommendations Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

  21. Present and forthcoming Challenges, Recommendations Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

  22. Conclusion Sense of outrage and frustration arising among the youth from the dilapidated socio-economic state of our country in general after decades of conflict ,may push to face unexpected reactions to established authority ;The possible successful recovery by the politicians of such events may challenge the all actual little benefits of the young Congolese democracy ; The State should strengthen the presence of his authority nationwide by concrete development acts and also by the urgent going on of the SSR which seem broken down to consolidate the presence of the State Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

  23. T H A N K Y O U Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

  24. DRC EQUATOR PROVINCE FACTS SHEET BEFORE THE CONFLICT Surface:403 292 Km² (17 %) Population:8,668,668 Inhab (14%) Density: 21 Inhab/Km² Life expectancy :43 Years 50 people die each hour Infant mortality rate below five years :126 deaths per 1000 live births, HIV / AIDS:4.2% in 2006 Agricultural resources: Coffee,rubber, wood,250 exploitable species & 25 rare species (afromosa, ébène, wengé,iroko,sapeli,sipro,tiama,tola,kambala,lifaki…) Forest: 356.720 Km2 (72% of the province).25,7 % OF DRC Forests Fishing resources: 800 identified species of fish, Mineral resources: Diamond,Gold, and indication of petroleum, , iron, limestone, kaolin, clay, copper, granite and iobium Communications infrastructures: 2716 km of main roads and 3158 km of secondary roads, 15,716 km of agricultural feeder tracks, 3653 Km of waterways 29 runways Sudan CAR CAR RoC EASTERN PROVINCE BANDUNDU PROVINCE WESTERN AND EASTERN KASAI PROVINCES Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

  25. Lobala/ Enyele Bamboma/ Monzaya Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

  26. DRC PRESENT AND POTENTIAL CONFLICTS ZONES Potential conflict zone Eastern DRC Enyele conflict zone Detached Colonel and Military Professor Prosper NZEKANI ZENA - nzekanizena@yahoo.fr

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