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State and County Agencies. 26 Agencies Called Highway Patrol. 23 Agencies Called State Police. Municipal Agencies. Limited Purpose Agencies. DMV Compliance Officers ABC Compliance Officers Fish and Game Park Rangers. Organization. Usually Headed by a Chief Patrol DARE School Resource
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26 Agencies Called Highway Patrol 23 Agencies Called State Police
Limited Purpose Agencies • DMV Compliance Officers • ABC Compliance Officers • Fish and Game • Park Rangers
Organization • Usually Headed by a Chief • Patrol • DARE • School Resource • Detectives • Traffic • Support services • Communications • Records • Admin • Grants • Vice • Community Services • Professional Standards
Organization • Time in rank System • Military Like Structure
Police Organization • Police are organized in a militaristic hierarchical structure • Principles of chain of command and unity of command are operational • Personnel decisions often based on time-in-rank considerations
Time in Rank System • Officer must Spend a Certain Time at a Given Rank • SGT cannot be a Lieutenant without spending time as a SGT
Time in Rank System • Designed to Promote Fairness and limit Favoritism
Police Beat • Geographic Area • Usually covered by a Shift 24 Hours
Beats • Deter crime by being visible • Maintain public order (peacekeeping) • Respond quickly to emergencies • Arrest criminals • Aid citizens in distress • Facilitate movement of people and traffic • Create a sense of safety and security
Patrol Function • Order maintenance, or peacekeeping, accounts for the bulk of patrol activities. These functions fall on the border between criminal and non-criminal behavior. In many situations, this means the patrol officer uses his or her discretion to “handle situations” or to be problem solvers.
Selective Enforcement • Concentrate on some crimes • Concentrate in Some Areas
Is Patrol effective? Kansas City Study • Normal • Proactive • Reactive
Kansas City study Routine Preventative Patrol is no more or less effective than Proactive Patrol
Kansas City Study • 60 % of a Patrol Officers Time in Uncommitted
Maximizing Resources Making Patrol Strategies Work • Patrol Workload Studies • Delayed Response Studies • Differential Police Responses
A Rapid Police Response • Deterrent to Criminal Activity • Remember the Cohorts? • A Quicker response Should reduce the Apprehension rate, a Deterrence • A Rapid Response Rate Increases Confidence in the Department
Differential Police Response Send the Patrol Car, or citizen? Uh, how about a telephone call? Can we hold the call for a while? Just a minute, how ‘bout we send a deputy? Can you come to the station?