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Data Tutorial

This tutorial provides an overview of different types of graphs used for data analysis, including bar graphs, line graphs, circle graphs, scatterplots, and box and whisker plots. It includes examples and step-by-step instructions on how to create each graph in MS Excel.

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Data Tutorial

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  1. Data Tutorial Carryn BellomoUniversity of Nevada, Las Vegas Tutorial on Types of Graphs Used for Data Analysis, Along with How to Enter Them in MS Excel

  2. Overview You will be given a brief description, example, and “how to create” for each of the following: • Bar Graphs • Line Graphs • Circle Graphs • Scatterplots • Box and Whisker Plots

  3. Overview • Go to http://www.unlv.edu/faculty/bellomoClick on the link for Teachers ForumScroll down to Formula Sheets, #7 (How to graph…) • For the Excel portion of the tutorial, please open the file Excel_Data.xls • Each tab on the bottom of the file corresponds to a data set, which is used to create the example. • You can follow along to see how to use Excel to create each data plot.

  4. Bar Graphs: Intro • Shows the frequencies of specific data values in a data set. • It can be used for categorical or numerical data. • The length of the bar drawn for each data value represents the frequency of that value. • Bars may be drawn vertically or horizontally. • To avoid confusion, the bars should be the same width.

  5. Bar Graph: An Example

  6. Bar Graph: Creating in Excel • Click on an empty cell. • Go to Insert, then Chart. • Make sure you have Column highlighted, and press Next. • Sometimes Excel tries to guess what you want, so you may see values in the Data Range cells. If so, delete them. • With the cursor in the Data Range cells, click on the left most value of your data table, and drag to highlight to the right most data value. • Click on Next. • Title your graph, and label the vertical and horizontal axis. • Then click on Finish.

  7. Line Graph: Intro • Typically used for continuous data to show the change in a variable (usually over time). • Each element of the sample is associated with an ordered pair, with a independent variable (such as time) and a dependent variable. • The independent variable is marked on the horizontal axis, and the dependent variable is marked on the vertical axis. • Each ordered pair is graphed, and are connected with line segments. • Scaling is critical when trying to analyze the relationship between the variables.

  8. Line Graph: An Example

  9. Line Graph: Creating in Excel • Click on an empty cell. • Go to Insert, then Chart. • Make sure you have Line highlighted, and choose your display type. Then press Next. • Again, if you see values in the Data Range cells, delete them. • With the cursor in the Data Range cells, click on the left most value of your data table and drag to highlight to the right most data value. • Click on Next. • Title your graph, and label the vertical and horizontal axis. • Then click on Finish.

  10. Circle Graph: Intro • Also called a pie chart. • Is a circle divided into parts (also called sections or wedges). • Each part shows the percent of the data elements that are categorized similarly. • The parts must sum to 100 percent.

  11. Circle Graph: An Example

  12. Circle Graph: Creating in Excel • Click on an empty cell. Go to Insert, then Chart. • Make sure you have Pie highlighted, and choose your display type. Then press Next. • Again, if you see values in the Data Range cells, delete them. • Go to the Series tab, and click on Add. • With the cursor in the Values box, enter the values in the column titled “Percentage”. • With the cursor in the Category X axis labels box, enter the values in the “Month” column. • Click on Next. • Title your graph, then click on Finish.

  13. Scatterplot: Intro • Similar to a line graph, although the ordered pairs are not connected with line segments. • Each element of the data set has two different measurements. • The two coordinates of each point are determined by the two measurements for the corresponding element of the sample. • This is the best way to determine if two characteristics are related.

  14. Scatterplot: An Example

  15. Scatterplot: Creating in Excel • Click on an empty cell. Go to Insert, then Chart. • Make sure you have Scatter highlighted, and choose your display type. Then press Next. • Again, if you see values in the Data Range cells, delete them. • Go to the Series tab, and click on Add. • With the cursor in the X Values box, enter the data values in the column titled “Alcohol”. • With the cursor in the Y Values box, enter the data values in the “Tobacco” column. • Click on Next. • Title your graph, then click on Finish.

  16. Scatterplot: The Best Fit Line • You can fit a linear equation to any scatterplot. • Once you have the data in a plot, right click on any data point, and click on Add Trendline. • Make sure Linear is highlighted. • Click on the Options Tab, and check the box titled “Display Equation on Chart”. • Click OK. • The linear regression line will be added to your chart, along with the equation for that line.

  17. Box and Whisker Plot: Intro • This is constructed with the “five-point summary”. • The least and greatest values, median, and first and third quartiles are used to construct the box plot. • They are useful for comparing data sets.

  18. Box & Whisker Plot: An Example

  19. Box & Whisker: Creating • Click on an empty cell. • Find the necessary values by using excel functions (here, “DataRange” indicates the range of values where your data is, i.e. A1:A20) • Minimum: “=Min(DataRange)” • Maximum: “=Max(DataRange)” • Median: “=Median(DataRange)” • 25th Percentile: “=Percentile(DataRange, 0.25)” • 75th Percentile: “=Percentile(DataRange, 0.75)” • Next to these cells, enter a column of 1’s

  20. Box & Whisker: Creating • Go to Insert, then Chart. • Make sure you have Scatter highlighted, and choose the display type without any connecting lines. Then press Next. • If you see values in the Data Range cells, delete them. • Go to the Series tab, and click on Add. • With the cursor in the X Values box, enter the data values you found earlier (min, max, etc.) • With the cursor in the Y Values box, enter a column of 1’s. • Click on Next, title your graph, then click on Finish. • Delete the horizontal lines on your graph by clicking on one of them and hitting the Delete key. • Delete the vertical axis by clicking on it and hitting the Delete key.

  21. Box & Whisker: Creating • Use the drawing toolbar to make the box and whiskers (if you do not see the toolbar, click on View Toolbars  Drawing). • Put a line connecting the 1st and 2nd points. • Put a box connecting the 2nd and 4th points (with the box highlighted, click on the small arrow next to and click No Fill to remove the fill color). • Put a vertical line through the 3rd point. • Put a line connecting the 4th and 5th point.

  22. Summary • We have gone over several types of graphs. • Another data set can be found athttp://www.unlv.edu/faculty/bellomoClick on the link for Teachers Forum • Practice by opening up the file called Excel_MoreData.xls and follow the directions in red.

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