Please get out your notebook…

1. Please get out your notebook… • Using your vocabulary chart, please write 5 sentences, each sentence using a DIFFERENT vocabulary word!

2. Cities and Civilizations Ch 2 Sec 2

3. Key Ideas • As populations grew, farming villages developed into cities. • In several fertile river valleys, cities gave rise to the world’s first civilizations. • Early civilizations all had certain features in common.

4. The First Cities • The world’s first cities began as farming villages in the Middle East. • As villages grew, trade grew and became an important source of wealth. • One of the first farming cities was called Catalhoyuk, which is located in what is now Turkey.

5. The City of Uruk • Uruk was the world’s first city founded around 6,000 to 7,000 years ago. • Uruk was bigger than the older farming village called Catalhoyuk, it had more than 40,000 people, covered 1,000 acres, and had houses, gardens, and public buildings. • Uruk had a strong, well-organized government. • First rulers were probably the priests and later powerful military leaders became kings.

6. Centers of Wealth • Cities had more complex economies than did early farming villages. • An economy is the system that a community uses to produce and distribute goods and services. • Uruk’s more complex economy was based on both farming and trade. • Workshops produced all kinds of goods. • The wealth of the cities attracted people and made them move from the country to the city. • Many cities built walls around themselves for protection.

7. The Rise of Civilizations • As cities grew in size and power, some of them became centers of civilizations. • A civilization is a complex society that has cities, a well-organized government, and workers with specialized job skills.

8. The Importance of Resources • The rise of civilizations depended on the creation of foodsurplus. • In order to create a surplus, people needed to manage their resources well. • A resource is a supply of something that can be used as needed. • Important Resources: fertile soil, fresh water, and seeds. • In order to use those resources they needed the labor and tools which required planning and organization.

9. Settings of Early Civilizations • Earliest civilization was in southwestern Asia in city-state of Sumer. • Many early civilizations developed around fertile valleys surrounding major rivers. • Rivers provided a good setting for permanent settlements. • The rivers would flood each year and when water went down it provided fertile soil for growing crops.

10. Features of Civilizations • Civilizations arose in different parts of the world and in different ways. • Though they all had certain things in common: cities, organized government, established religion, job specialization, social classes, public works, arts and architecture, and a system of writing.

11. BRAIN BREAK!!!!!!!! HIP HOP HISTORY http://curriculum.media.pearsoncmg.com/curriculum/humanities/socialstudies/mgss_2012/history_survey/origins/beginning_civ/resources/beginning_civ_hiphop.html

12. Cities • Cities emerged near farming centers. • Food surplus led to rapid population growth. • Villages then grew into cities.

13. Organized Governments • One role of government was to manage society’s resources so that people got the things they needed to survive. • Governments also formed and trained armies to defend their society from attack. • As populations grew rulers had to rely on public officials to help handle different duties.

14. Established Religion • An established religion is a set of shared beliefs about supernatural powers that created and rule the world. • Religion was often linked to the government. • In most early civilizations, people believed in many gods or goddesses.. • Religion included beliefs about life after death and rules about how to treat one another and live moral lives.

15. Job Specialization • Most people in early civilizations were farmers who supported specialized workers such as: priests, rulers, soldiers, craft workers, traders, and merchants. • Job specialization allowed people within a society to develop the many skills and talents needed to create and maintain a civilization.

16. Social Classes • Social classes are groups of people that occupy different ranks or levels in society. • The highest social class in most early societies was made up of priests and rulers and they had the most power and wealth. • The social class in the middle included: farmers, merchants, and skilled workers. They varied in wealth and status from one society to another. • Slaves or peasants made up the lowest class they were often captured in war or sold themselves to pay off debt.

17. Public Works • Governments organized workers to build large-scale projects such as roads, water systems, city walls, and granaries. • Building these public works was costly, time-consuming, and often dangerous.

18. Arts and Architecture • Early people built decorated temples, tombs, and palaces. • Skilled craftworkers produced fine luxury items such as gold jewelry and perfume boxes. • Civilizations developed many forms of art such as painting and pottery. • There were also advances in literature and music.

19. System of Writing • Forms of writing varied in different civilizations they went from picture writing to symbols that represented sounds and letters. • First developed to record numbers and eventually used more to preserve all kinds of information.