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The Nervous System

Explore the functions and components of the nervous system, including communication, coordination, and the role of the central and peripheral divisions. Learn about neurons, brain structures, spinal cord functions, and common disorders like meningitis, epilepsy, and Parkinson's.

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The Nervous System

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  1. The Nervous System

  2. Functions of the Nervous System • 1. Communication and coordination • Adapt and respond to changes from both inside and outside the body • 2. Site of reasoning- your brain • 3. Two main divisions • Central nervous system (CNS): brain and spinal cord • Peripheral nervous system- the nerves

  3. Neuron- basic structural unit of the nervous system • Dendrites- carry impulses towards the cell • Axon-carry impulses away from the cell • Myelin sheath • Synaptic terminal • Epinephrine • Norepinephrine • Acetylcholine

  4. Nerves are made of many nerve cells • Afferent-sensory nerves carry message to brain • Efferent-motor neurons carry message from brain to muscle • Associate- do both • Heads up

  5. Central nervous system • Brain and spinal cord

  6. Cerebrum-largest part of brain. Responsible for reasoning, thought, memory, speech, sensation, etc. • Divided into two halves. • Further divided into lobes; occipital, parietal, temporal and frontal

  7. Cerebellum-responsible for muscle coordination • Brain stem- most basic functions; respiration, swallowing, blood pressure. Lower part (medulla oblongata) is continuous with spinal cord

  8. Spinal cord- begins at foramen magnum and ends at second lumbar vertebrae • Contains both afferent (to the brain) and efferent (motor neurons- away from the brain)

  9. Both the brain and spinal cord are covered by a membrane system called the meninges • In addition, the brain has four hollow areas called ventricles. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the ventricles and baths the brain and spinal column

  10. Peripheral nervous system • Somatic system • 12 pairs cranial nerves • 31 pairs spinal nerves • Autonomic • Sympathetic • Fight or flight • Parasympathetic

  11. Disorders of the nervous system • Meningitis- inflammation of the linings of the brain and spinal cord • Encephalitis- inflammation of the brain • Epilepsy-seizure disorder. Excessive discharge from neurons. 1 in 200 suffer. Grand mal or petit mal seizures • Cerebral palsy- disturbance in voluntary muscular action • Parkinson’s –decreased neurotransmitter • MS multiple sclerosis- autoimmune

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