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Dates in Jeremiah

Dates in Jeremiah. 645 Birth of Jeremiah 640 Josiah becomes king--at age 8! 632 and 628 reforms? (2 Chr 34:3) 627/6 Call of Jeremiah 1:4-10 625 Nabopolassar came to power in Babylon 622 Great Reform; Deuteronomy. Relative silence about Josiah’s reform.

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Dates in Jeremiah

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  1. Dates in Jeremiah • 645 Birth of Jeremiah • 640 Josiah becomes king--at age 8! • 632 and 628 reforms? (2 Chr 34:3) • 627/6 Call of Jeremiah 1:4-10 • 625 Nabopolassar came to power in Babylon • 622 Great Reform; Deuteronomy

  2. Relative silence about Josiah’s reform • Jeremiah 3:6-11 Jeremiah preached in days of Josiah that Judah was repeating the cultic adultery that had doomed the north • 8:8 How can you say we are wise, and the law of Yahweh is with us, when in fact the false pen of the scribes has made it into a lie? • 11:1-8 Jeremiah curses anyone who abandons the Sinai covenant • Temple address in chs. 7 and 26—downplays the central sanctuary! Ashurbanipal pours out drink offering over lions he has killed

  3. Dates Continued • 609 Death of Josiah; then kings Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim 609-598; Temple address (chaps 7, 26) • 605 Nebuchadnezzar defeats Egypt at Carchemish; first scroll written and burned (36:2) • 601 Jehoiakim revolted against Babylon (2 Kgs 24:1) • 597 Exile of Jehoiachin; Zedekiah 597-586 • 594/3 Revolt of western states; Ezekiel begins • 587/586 destruction of Jerusalem • 582 Third deportation; Jeremiah goes to Egypt

  4. The Septuagint and Jeremiah • One of every 8 words in Hebrew lacking in LXX • Total of 2700 words missing • 4QJer b and LXX omit Jer 10:6, 8-10 • Doublets (6:13-15//8:10b-12; latter lacking in LXX. In 30:10-11//46:27-28 and 48:40b, 41b//49:22 the first passage is missing from LXX)

  5. The Septuagint and Jeremiah (continued) • Nebuchadnezzar (27:6-29:3 7 of 8 cases missing in LXX) Nebuchadrezzar? • Divine names: Original “Thus says Yahweh” became “Thus says Yahweh, the God of Heavenly Armies, the God of Israel” (or the like) • Oracles against foreign nations--at 46-51 in MT or after 25:13 in LXX; individual oracles also in different order.

  6. Interpreting the Shortness of the LXX • Is shortness abbreviation or original? • Which words come from Jeremiah? The short version or the long version? • Which version is canonical? Short or long? • Which is the inspired text?

  7. Literary Critical Issues • A words = poetry • B words = biography • C words = prose sermons • Alternate interpretation: • First edition: The Historical Jeremiah • Second edition: The Deuteronomistic Redaction

  8. The Ending of the Book • 45 An oracle addressed to Baruch: one individual survives when all others fall • 46-51 MT Oracles against foreign nations: the evil empire, Babylon, which destroyed Jerusalem, will finally be destroyed itself • 52 (= 2 Kings 25): a different view of Zedekiah (cf. 34:1-5; chs. 37-38) and a different view of Jehoiachin--he’s free (cf. 22:24-30 where he is a despised, broken pot)

  9. The Call of Jeremiah • Chosen before birth. Cf. Samson, “servant” in Second Isaiah, John the Baptist, Paul • “Prophet to the nations” • Objection--I am only a youth • Reassurance--I am with you • To pluck up, tear down, destroy, overthrow • To build and to plant--God’s final word Now I have put my words in your mouth

  10. Sequels to Jeremiah’s Call • Vision of almond branch in vv. 11-12: I am watching over my word to fulfill it dqv • Vision in vv. 13-15 Boiling pot from the “north” • VV. 16-19 Jeremiah’s lonely and impregnable position--they will fight against you; but they will not prevail against you.

  11. The Enemy from the North • I am bringing evil from the north against Jerusalem (4:6; 6:1, 22) • Scythians? Babylon? • Who lives in the north? (Ps 48:2 Mount Zion, in the far north) • At the end of the book: A people is coming from the north; a mighty nation and many kings..againstyou, O Babylon (50:3, 41-43)

  12. Symbolic Actions • 13:1-11 Linen waistcloth: ruined by Babylonian invasion or by Babylonian influence? • Trip to Euphrates? trp400 miles; to Parah 4 miles away or does Parah symbolize Euphrates? • I made them cling to me…but they would not listen; I will ruin pride of Judah • 13:12-14 “Every jug should be full of wine” • every inhabitant will be full of drunkenness; they will lose ability to act responsibly; I will smash them like the jugs they joke about

  13. More symbolic actions • 16:1-4 Jeremiah not allowed to have a wife or children • Not a time to have children since they will all die • 18:1-11 At the Potter’s House • Just as pots are reshaped by a potter, so a judged nation can be saved and vice versa • Turn, Jerusalem, from your wicked ways

  14. More symbolic actions • 19:1-2, 10-13 You, Jeremiah, shall break the jug. Yahweh: I will break this people as one breaks a potter’s vessel • 24:1-10 Good and Bad Figs • Good figs = exiles in Babylon; I will build them up, plant them. Those who surrender to Chaldeans shall live 21:8-10 • Bad figs = Zedekiah and the remnant left in Jerusalem

  15. Another symbolic action • 25:15-29 acted parable • Jeremiah offers a “cup of wrath” to various nations: Jerusalem, towns of Judah drink it first • Pharaoh, kings of the Philistines, Edom, Moab, Ammonites etc. • After them, the king of Sheshach v. 26 sh-sh-k = b b l $vv = lbb

  16. Another symbolic action • 27:2-28:17 yoke bars and Hananiah • Jeremiah: Anyone who submits to Babylon will be spared • Hananiah (28:2): God has broken the yoke of the king of Babylon; Hananiah breaks the yoke • Hananiah’s credentials: Name = “Yahweh is gracious”; “Thus says Yahweh”; Yahweh did not send him; criterion for truth = word happens Deut 18:22 • Jeremiah shows up with iron yoke

  17. Critique of False Prophets • 23:9-40 They strengthen the hands of evildoers by prophesying “peace” • False prophets have not stood in divine council to see and hear the word of Yahweh v. 18, 22; they steal words from one another 30 and prophesy lying dreams 32

  18. Another symbolic action • 32:6-15 Buying property when Jerusalem was under a siege • Hanamel, Jeremiah’s cousin, tells him to buy his field at Anathoth • Signed the deed, sealed it, got witnesses, and paid money • Filed deed with Baruch • Houses and fields and vineyards shall again be bought in this land.

  19. Jeremiah’s “Confessions” in 11-20 • You, Yahweh, are like a deceitful brook, like waters that fail 15:18 • If you, Jeremiah, repent, I’ll restore you to serve me once more 15:19 • They have dug a pit for my life; deliver their children to famine; deal with them, God, while you are still angry 18:18-23

  20. Another Confession • 20:7-12 Accuses God of violating him. Yahweh forces him to prophesy. All my close friends want me to fail. Yahweh is with me like a dread warrior! • 20:13 Sing to the Lord: he has delivered the life of the needy from the hand of evildoers • 20:14-18 Damn the day on which I was born!

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