Quotations

1. Quotations • Borrowed ideas presented in the exact language of the source. • Must be enclosed in quotation marks • Use the source’s words, punctuation, spacing, etc. exactly as they appear in the source (unless indicated with ellipsis points or brackets)

2. Essay 3 Requirements • About six quoted lines per page (25% of essay). • Use quotations from the stories to illustrate your observations or provide needed detail in your analysis paragraphs. • Use at least two quotations from secondary sources to supplement your own ideas throughout your analysis and to showcase the writing style of a source. • Save quotations for the insightful, well-written source material.

3. Integrating Quotations Correctly • Introduce the quotation • Use a short phrase with a comma • Use a full sentence with a colon • Combine with your own sentence with no additional punctuation • Include the writer’s name. • Include the page number (if there is one) in parentheses at the end of the quotation.

4. Short Phrase with Comma • PRIMARY: As Desiree herself claims, “It is a lie; it is not true, I am white!” (Chopin). • NOTES: • You also may need to indicate which character is speaking • Not all stories have page numbers.

5. Short Phrase with Comma • SECONDARY: As Foy indicates, “she leaves it to the reader to decide whether Armand’s cruelty springs from social forces and prejudice . . .” (223). • NOTE: The author’s name may be in the introduction.

6. Full Sentence with Colon • PRIMARY: Montressor sums up his philosophy of revenge in the first paragraph of the story: "I must not only punish, but punish with impunity" (Poe 346).

7. NOT: Montressor sums up his philosophy of revenge in the first paragraph of the story. "I must not only punish, but punish with impunity" (Poe 346). • NOT: Montressor sums up his philosophy of revenge in the first paragraph of the story, "I must not only punish, but punish with impunity" (Poe 346).

8. Full Sentence with Colon • SECONDARY: One writer claims that Chopin does not fully reveal why Armand behaves as he does: “she leaves it to the reader to decide whether Armand’s cruelty springs from social forces and prejudice . . .” (Foy 223). • NOTE: The author’s name may be in the parentheses.

9. Your Sentence, No Punctuation • PRIMARY: Desiree "disappeared among the reeds and willows" and never returns to L'Abri (Chopin).

10. Your Sentence, No Punctuation • SECONDARY: Foy points out that it is difficult to determine if “Armand’s cruelty springs from social forces and prejudice . . .” (223).

11. It has to make sense! • Fit the quotation grammatically and logically into your sentence • NOT: According to Foy, “Although Chopin offers these clues to Armand’s dark side and to his psychological confusion . . .” (223). • NOT: Foy points out that Desiree is a victim of “Armand’s cruelty springs from social forces and prejudice or whether it is in reality a distant memory of his mother . . .” (223).

12. Be selective. • Enlarge and refine your ideas. • NOT: As Foy writes, “Armand was eight years old . . . when his mother died and he left Paris with his father” (222-23). • NOT: According to Wolff, Armand fell for Desiree “as if struck by a pistol shot” (82). • PROBABLY NOT: In discussing “Desiree’s Baby,” Wolff points out that it “was the one piece of Chopin’s fiction most likely to be known . . .” (81).

13. Ellipsis Points • Original quotation: As Foy points out, “Although Chopin offers these clues to Armand’s dark side and to his psychological confusion, she leaves it to the reader to decide whether Armand’s cruelty springs from social forces and prejudice or whether it is in reality a distant memory of his mother—a repressed, unconscious remembrance of his own past” (223).

14. Material omitted from middle: As Foy points out, “Although Chopin offers these clues . . . , she leaves it to the reader to decide whether Armand’s cruelty springs from social forces and prejudice or whether it is in reality a distant memory of his mother—a repressed, unconscious remembrance of his own past” (223).

15. Material omitted from end: As Foy points out, “Although Chopin offers these clues to Armand’s dark side and to his psychological confusion, she leaves it to the reader to decide whether Armand’s cruelty springs from social forces and prejudice or whether it is in reality a distant memory of his mother . . .” (223).

16. No ellipsis points needed for material omitted from the beginning of a quotation: As Foy points out, “she leaves it to the reader to decide whether Armand’s cruelty springs from social forces and prejudice or whether it is in reality a distant memory of his mother—a repressed, unconscious remembrance of his own past” (223).

17. Brackets • Material added for context: As Foy points out, “she [Chopin] leaves it to the reader to decide whether Armand’s cruelty springs from social forces and prejudice or whether it is in reality a distant memory of his mother—a repressed, unconscious remembrance of his own past” (223).

18. Material added for grammatical correctness: As Foy points out, each reader “decide[s] whether Armand’s cruelty springs from social forces and prejudice or whether it is in reality a distant memory of his mother—a repressed, unconscious remembrance of his own past” (223).