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Instructional Strategies. ADE 6360 Adult Teaching Methods. Markease Doe. Based on:. objectives. At the end of this learning module: You will be able to identify the steps involved in developing instructional strategies.
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Instructional Strategies ADE 6360 Adult Teaching Methods Markease Doe
objectives At the end of this learning module: • You will be able to identify the steps involved in developing instructional strategies. • You will be able to design instruction that will build upon the existing knowledge of your learners (Generative Learning). • You will be able to link generative strategies to each of the learning objectives you seek to present to your learners. • You will become familiar with the six categories of content involved in presenting information to learners and apply them to the expanded performance content matrix.
An Instructor’s Job is to: Design effective and efficient instruction that produces reliable results each time it is presented to the learner. Prompt or motivate the learner to actively make connections between what they already know and the new information being presented through generative learning. Aide the learner in understanding, while offering an appropriate level of challenge.
Generative learning & Strategies Wittrock, Grabowski, jonassen,& mayer
Designing an Instructional Strategy --- generatively Definitions: • (Generative) Learning is an active process in which the learner constructs meaningful relationships between the new knowledge presented in the instruction and his or her existing knowledge (Wittrock, 2010). • * Attending to stimuli in the environment and then giving meaning to those stimuli based on one’s prior knowledge and experience.(Grabowski, Jonassen, & Mayer) Advantages of Generative Learning are: • That the learner has a deeper understanding and longer retention of what is being learned. • The new information is related to existing information the learner has stored in long-term memory.
Prescriptions for Instructional strategies 6 Categories of Content
Minds are like boxes. What content are you putting in? 6 categoriesof content Facts Concepts Principles and Rules Procedure Interpersonal Skills Attitude
1. Facts: are associations between two things that learners recall. Concrete facts Abstract Facts Can not be observed or experienced *When teaching abstract facts the instructor should first attempt to find a concrete representation of the fact. e.g. : picture or an artifact. • Those that you can sense, such as fire trucks are red.
2. Concepts: is a category used to group similar ideas or things to organize knowledge. Recall Application Identifying new examples of the concept There are several types of apples. E.g.: Stating the definition of the concept An apple is a fruit. E.g.:
3. Principles & Rules: is a statement that expresses a relationship between concepts. RULEG Approach EGRUL Approach More active learning approach Provide several examples and have the learner come up with the rule E.g.: Provide the rule or principle that each triangle follows • Instruction begins with a statement of the rule or principle • Followed by several examples E.g.: The sum of the angles in a triangle is 180 degrees
4. Procedures: is a sequence of steps the learner performs to accomplish a task. Cognitive procedures Psychomotor procedures The initial instruction or presentation also involves modeling or demonstrating Motion is often required when teaching complex psychomotor task or teaching them to naïve learners E.g.: Still pictures or video recordings • The initial instruction is the demonstration or modeling of the procedure. • Procedures are not directly observable. • The instructor must find a means of representing the procedure for the learner. * Well developed conceptual knowledge is essential for effective learning of the procedure. E.g.: Solving a math problem
5. Interpersonal Skills: deals with the development of communication skills. Step 1 Step 2 To help each learner develop verbal and imaginal models of the behavior A verbal model is derived from key steps – a process E.g.: Modeling, paraphrasing, or a cognitive map can be developed showing the relationship between the steps • Instruction that presents the model to the learner. • Models of the interpersonal behavior * How to coach an employee who has difficulty working with other team members? E.g.: Live demonstrations, role plays, videos, printed scenarios
6. Attitudes: consists of a belief and association behavior or response. Changing attitudes Prescription Model the behavior Develop the verbal and imaginal models Use mental rehearsal Provide for both covert and overt rehearsal • Is similar to developing interpersonal skills • Based on Bandura’s (1977) social learning theory.
Conclusion Instructional Strategies
Keep in mind • The instructor must concentrate on how to present each individual objective in a manner that will help the learner achieve or understand the objective. • Consistently build on existing knowledge with new knowledge. • Instructional strategies begin with determining the content and performance type (generative strategy) of each objective. Using the expanded content-performance matrix will guide you. • There are six categories of content. Use what is applicable. • Review each approach to ensure the method of delivery (category of content) is appropriate and facilitates learning, while making it challenging for the learner.
Thank You For listening & Learning
