1 / 17

Information

Information. Today Chapter 14 and 16 highlights Wed., 30 November Final e xam review – BRING YOUR QUESTIONS! Instructor evaluations Mon., 12 December, 2:15-4:15pm in C317 Final E xam kpeterson@oeb.harvard.edu Office: B-203 (by appointment). Chapter 14. READ: Key Concepts 14.1

evonne
Download Presentation

Information

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Information • Today • Chapter 14 and 16 highlights • Wed., 30 November • Final exam review – BRING YOUR QUESTIONS! • Instructor evaluations • Mon., 12 December, 2:15-4:15pm in C317 • Final Exam • kpeterson@oeb.harvard.edu • Office: B-203 (by appointment)

  2. Chapter 14 READ: Key Concepts 14.1 14.2

  3. DNA to Proteins 1) DNA is transcribed to form RNA 2) RNA is translated to form polypeptide chains, which fold to form proteins

  4. 3 Classes of RNAs • Messenger RNA (mRNA) • Protein-building instruction • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) • Major component of ribosomes • Transfer RNA (tRNA) • Delivers amino acids to ribosomes

  5. Base Pairing during Transcription DNA G C A U G C A T RNA C G T A C G T A DNA DNA base pairing in DNA replication base pairing in transcription

  6. PROTEIN INSTRUCTIONS Transcription • Small DNA stretch = template • RNA polymerase = enzyme • Product = 1 RNA strand transcribed DNA winds up again DNA to be transcribed unwinds mRNA transcript RNA polymerase

  7. Genetic Code • 64 base triplets • Triplets = codons • 61 = amino acids • 3 = stop Figure 14.7Page 230

  8. BRINGS AMINO ACIDS TO RIBOSOMES tRNA Structure codon in mRNA anticodon amino-acid attachment site amino acid OH Figure 14.8Page 231

  9. Transcription Overview rRNA tRNA mRNA Mature mRNA transcripts ribosomal subunits mature tRNA Translation

  10. Chapter 16 READ 16.2, 16.4

  11. DNA heated to 90°– 94°C Primers added to base-pair with ends Mixture cooled; base-pairing of primers and ends of DNA strands DNA polymerases assemble new DNA strands Double-stranded DNA to copy Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) Stepped Art Figure 16.6Page 256

  12. Mixture cooled; base-pairing between primers and ends of single DNA strands DNA polymerase action again doubles number of identical DNA fragments Mixture heated again; makes all DNA fragments unwind Polymerase Chain Reaction Stepped Art Figure 16.6Page 256

  13. Gel Electrophoresis • DNA placed at one end of a gel • A current is applied • DNA molecules (-) move to + end • Small molecules faster than large

  14. Nucleotides for Sequencing • Standard nucleotides (A, T, C, G) • Modified versions • Fluoresce • Stop DNA synthesis

  15. Reactions Proceed • PCR • Stops with modified nucleotide • Millions of copies of varying length

  16. Figure 16.8Page 258 T C C A T G G A C C T C C A T G G A C Recording the Sequence T C C A T G G A T C C A T G G T C C A T G T C C A T T C C A electrophoresis gel T C C • DNA placed on gel • Fragments move by size • Pass through laser beam • Color of each fragment is recorded on printout T C one of the many fragments of DNA migrating through the gel T one of the DNA fragments passing through a laser beam after moving through the gel T C C A T G G A C C A

  17. Information • Today • Chapter 14 and 16 highlights • Wed., 30 November • Final exam review – BRING YOUR QUESTIONS! • Instructor evaluations • Mon., 12 December, 2:15-4:15pm in C317 • Final Exam • kpeterson@oeb.harvard.edu • Office: B-203 (by appointment)

More Related