angina pectoris

1. AneurysmLocalized dilation of the wall of a blood vessel usually an artery, due to congenital defect or weakness in the vessel wall

2. angina pectoris • Mild to severe pain or pressure in the chest caused by ischemia; also called angina

3. arrhythmiairregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; also called dysrhythmia.

4. ArteriosclerosisThickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of arterial walls, also called hardening of the arteries.

5. atherosclerosis Most common form of arteriosclerosis, caused by accumulation of fatty substances within the arterial walls, resulting in partial and, eventually, total occlusion

6. Automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) • Surgically implanted defibrillator that automatically detects and corrects potentially fatal arrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillations

7. bruit • soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent blood flow • Carotid Bruit • Many carotid bruits are discovered incidentally in an otherwise asymptomatic patient. The presence of a carotid bruit alone does not necessarily indicate the presence of stenosis, and the physical examination cannot be used to estimate the degree of stenosis, if present; therefore, any bruit must be evaluated by ultrasound or imaging • In addition, while bruit and murmur are technically synonymous, the term bruit is generally reserved for arterial sounds in the U.S.

8. Cardioversion • Delivery of brief discharges of electricity that pass across the chest to stop a cardiac arrhythmia and restore normal sinus rhythm; also called defibrillation

9. carotid bruit

10. coronary artery diseaseAbnormal condition that affects the heart’s arteries and produces various pathological effects, especially reduced flow of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium leading cause of death

11. deep vein thrombosisFormation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body.

12. embolusmass of undissoved matter—commonly a blood clot, fatty plaque, or air bubbledSolid, liquid or gaseous.

13. endartectomy • Surgical removal of the lining of an artery

14. fibrillationIrregular, random contraction of heart fibers

15. heart block • interference with normal conduction of electrical impulses that control activity of the heart muscle.

16. heart block first degree • atrioventricular(AV) block in which the atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricles

17. heart block second degree • AV block in which occasional electrical impulses from the SA node fail to be conducted to the ventricles

18. heart block third degree • AV block in which electrical impulses from the atria fail to reach the ventricles, also called complete heart block (CHB)

19. heart failureCondition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the metabolic requirements of blood tissues; formerly called congestive heart failure (CHF)

20. hypertensionconsistently elevated blood pressure that is higher than 119/79mm HG, causing damage to the blood vessels and, ultimately, the heart

21. ischemiainadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part due to an interruption of blood flow.

22. mitral valve prolapsecondition in which the leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole, resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood.

23. murmurabnormal sound heard on auscultation, caused by defects in the valve or chambers of the heart

24. myocardial infractionNecrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries; also called heart attack Diagram of a myocardial infarction (2) of the tip of the anterior wall of the thear after occulsion (1) of a branch of the left coronary artery

25. patent ductusarteriosusFailure of thductusarteriosusto close after birth, resulting in an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta Figure A shows the interior of a normal heart and normal blood flow. Figure B shows a heart with patent ductusarteriosus. The defect connects the aorta with the pulmonary artery. This allows oxygen-rich blood from the aorta to mix with oxygen-poor blood in the pulmonary artery.

26. Raynaud phenomenon Numbness in fingers or toes due to constriction of arterioles in the skin

27. rheumatic heart diseaseStreptococcal infection that causes damage to the heart valves and muscle.

28. sclerotherapy • Chemical injection into a varicose vein that causes inflammation and formation of fibrous tissue, which closes the vein.

29. Statins • Drugs that reduce cholesterol levels by decreasing levels of low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides, and slightly increasing levels of high-density lipoproteins

30. strokeDamage to part of the brain due to interruption of its blood supply caused by bleeding within brain tissue or blockage of an artery, also called CVA

31. thrombus • Aggregation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors, and the cellular elements of the blood attached to the interior wall of a vein or artery, sometimes occluding the lumen of the vessel; also called blood clot

32. Thrombolytic therapy • Administration of drugs to dissolve a blood clot

33. transient ischemic attackTransient ischemic attack (TIA): temporary interference in the blood supply to the brain that causes no permanent brain damage

34. varicose veinsSwollen superficial veins that are visible through the skin and usually occur in the legs

35. Valvuloplasty • Plastic or restorative surgery on a valve, especially a cardiac valve