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The Bureaucracy: Structure, Functions, and Reforms

Explore the organization, staffing, and control of the federal bureaucracy. Learn about the history, modern reforms, and congressional oversight of this large hierarchical system serving the public.

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The Bureaucracy: Structure, Functions, and Reforms

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  1. Chapter 14 The Bureaucracy

  2. What is a bureaucracy? • a large organization that is structured hierarchically to carry out specific functions • private bureaucracies exist within organizations like corporations • has a single set of leaders • public bureaucracies exist within organizations like governments • typically have multiple sets of leaders (Congress, President, etc.) • serve citizen instead of stockholders

  3. The Organization of the Federal Government • Cabinet Departments • Independent Executive Agencies • Independent Regulatory Agencies • Government Corporations

  4. Figure 14-3 Organization chart of the Federal Government

  5. Table 14-2 Continued

  6. Staffing the Bureaucracy • political appointees • civil service

  7. History of the Federal Civil Service • The Spoils System • The Civil Service Reform Act of 1883 • the merit system • the Civil Service Commission • The Hatch Act of 1939 • The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978

  8. Modern Attempts at Bureaucratic Reform • Sunshine Laws • Sunset Laws • Contracting Out • Incentives • Helping Whistle Blowers

  9. Congressional Control of the Bureaucracy • Authorizing funds • Appropriating Funds • Congressional Investigations, hearings and review

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