Chapter 16: Europe expands overseas Section 1: Conquests in the Americas

1. Budster World History Period 6 Chapter 16: Europe expands overseasSection 1: Conquests in the Americas

2. Main Idea- The four voyages of Christopher Columbus were the start of the colonization of the Americas. A. The voyages of Columbus

3. Route West Christopher Columbus was a skilled sailor and expedition organizer. Christopher Columbus wanted to discover a new route to the riches of Asia. Columbus plan had two flaws, he thought the distance around earth was less than it actually is. Then he thought Earth had more land than water. a. The voyages of Columbus

4. The First Journey Columbus set sail from Spain on August 3, 1492. Columbus captained the Santa Maria. There were 3 ships, Santa Maria, Nina , and Pinto. A . The voyages of Columbus

5. Finding New Lands On October 12, the crew spotted land in the Caribbean Sea called the West Indies. Columbus named the Island San Salvador. Columbus made 3 more voyagers during the next 10 years. a. The voyages of Columbus

6. Impact of Columbus’s Voyages. Columbus was searching for a new sea route to Asia to lead contact between Europe and the Americas. When Columbus first arrived in the Caribbean more then 40 million Native Americans lived in the Americas. 80 years later that number decreased to about 3 to 4 million. a. The voyages of Columbus

7. Cabral Sails for Portugal In 1500 Pedro Alvarez Cabral sailed southwest across the Atlantic Ocean. On April 22 he sighted land which he called Island of the Truth. The land Cabral found is called Brazil. b. Other European explorers

8. Americas Namesake An Italian navigator named Amerigo Vespucci made at least two voyages to the Americas between 1499 and 1502. During first Spanish financed expedition Vespucci reached the northern coast of South America. Vespucci second expedition was financed by Portugal. b. Other European explorers

9. Discovery of the Pacific Vasco Nunez de Balboa joined a Spanish journey in 1501. Balboa explored the northern coast of South America He settled on the islands of Hispaniola for a time and led expeditions into panama. b. Other European explorers

10. Magellan’s Journey Magellan set off from Spain on September 20,1519. And he had 5 ships and a crew of about 250 men. On October 21, 1520 the fleet entered the eastern end of a dangerous 350- mile passage. C. Around the world.

11. The Growth of Mercantilism Europeans viewed the Americas as new markets for their exports. The colonies they established supplied raw material for the home countries. Developed, or the production of items, was banned in the colonies. C. Around the world.

12. Gabriel World history Period 6 Chapter 16: Europe expands overseas: section II : Spanish and Portuguese colonies

13. A. Spain’s vast empire A. Main Idea Spain established colonies in Mexico and in Peru

14. A. Spain’s vast empire • Cortes Invades Mexico . • Cortes invaded Mexico with 11 ships. 2. In February 1519 Herman Cortes sets out for the Yucatan. 3.He Formed a big alliance with the people.

15. A. Spain vast empire MOCTEZUMA’s FALL • Montezuma believed in a legend called Quetzalcoatl. • Cortes entered the city on November ,8,1519. • Montezuma thought Cortes was a god.

16. Spain’s vast Empire • Pizarro and the Incas • - In 1531, Francisco Pizarro sets off with a small expedition of 180 men. And 37 horses to the Inca Empire in Present day Peru. The Incan emperor, Atahualpa, agreed to meet with Pizarro

17. B. Governing Spain's Empire • Government and the Economy • 1. In 1524, the Spanish monarchy created the Council of the Indies a lawmaking body for their new possessions. • 2. Monarch, were the principal governors of the American colonies, which were divided into provinces.

18. Governing Spain’s Empire • 1. Christopher Columbus described his first voyage to the Americans in 1492 to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. • 2.Ferdinand and Isabella hoped to use the wealth of this new land to their advantage.

19. B. Governing Spain’s Empire • The Role of Missionaries • 1.These missionaries wanted to convert Native Americans to Christianity as well as establishing Spanish colonies. As a Result, the Roman Catholic Church sent missionaries to the Americans.

20. Governing Spain’s Empire The Impact of the Columbian Exchange 1. People in the Americas were also exposed to European foods. 2.Cotton was introduced in the Americas 3. A cash crop became a profitable source of income.

21. Spain’s Influence on Colonial Society • Colonial Cities • 1. As a result cities were established through the colonies and grew quickly .To the Spaniards, colonial cities were centers of government, religious life, culture, and trade.

22. Spain's Influence on Colonial society • Colonial Culture • 1. As in in most societies, different classes provided a framework for colonial social structure Peninsular , people born in Spain, help the highest and most powerful positions in both colonial

23. The Portuguese Colony of Brazil Portugal’s Expansion in Brazil 1. As more and more Portuguese people were encouraged to move to Brazil to establish permanent cities and farms In 1500s.

24. The Portuguese Colony of Brazil • Portuguese Society and Culture • 1.As in Spanish America, Portuguese culture in Brazil was a mix European, Native American, and African traditions. European culture dominated class and race divisions in Brazilian society as it did in Spain's colonies.

25. Jason World History Period 6 Chapter 16:Europe Expands Overseas Section III: Dutch, French, And English Colonies

26. A. The Dutch Colonies • Main Idea : Dutch Colonies appeared in the Caribbean, South America, and NorthAmerica.

27. A. The Dutch Colonies • Dutch Interests • The Dutch people who lived in the Netherlands became Europeans strongest naval power • The Dutch sailed the worlds oceans ,waging wars against Spain and Portugal. • They accepted colonies in the Caribbean and on the northern coast of South America.

28. A. The Dutch Colonies • The Dutch in North America • By 1624,the Dutch had established a colony and named it New Netherlands. • The Dutch colonists prospered by trading with the Native America furs. • The colony was more involved in earnings and profits than in beliefs.

29. B. French Settlements in the Americas • Main Idea: New France, established by French explorers, attracted fur traders, merchants, And missionaries.

30. B. French Settlements in the Americas • Colonizing New France • The Iroquois had no interest in sharing their lands with the settlers of New France • Adventurers continued their travels across North America during the seventeenth century. • The French government had trouble attracting colonist to New France

31. B. French Settlements in the Americas • French West Indies • French settlements in the Caribbean began in 1625. • Four decades later, France conquered 14 Caribbean islands • Slaves were imported from Africa as early as 1642 to work the large plantations, where sugar was the major crop

32. C. The English in North America • Main Idea: England established 13 Colonies in North America during the 1600s and 1700s

33. C. The English in North America • Early English Colonies • Founded in 1607,Jamestown, Virginia, was the site of the first successful English colony in North America • Jamestown, which was named after King James, faced troubles from the beginning • Many settlers died from disease because the settlement was in a swampy, Mosquito-infested area

34. C. The English in North America • Thirteen Colonies • 13 English colonies were recognized in North America during the 1600s and 1700s • All 13 colonies were undeveloped, but geographic conditions fostered different ways of life • Colonial shipping encouraged the growth of towns and cities next to the Atlantic seaboard.

35. D. Native America • Main Idea: European colonizers had a huge impact on the Native American way of life.

36. D. Native America • Sharing Land • The main attention of the Dutch was to establish trade markets and networks. • France was mostly interested in establishing a profitable fur trade with the Native Americans. • It was the English colonists who would have the major impact on Native Americans .

37. D. Native America • King Philips War • The colonies reached West, taking more and more land from Native Americans. • Native Americans were worried about losing their freedom and way of life • When Massasoit died, his son Metacomet, known as King Philip, became leader of the Wampanoag's

38. E. The Commercial Revolution • Main Idea: Expanding markets changed the economy of Europe forever.

39. E. The Commercial Revolution • Rising Prices • Higher prices led Spaniards to obtain cheaper goods from other countries • The silver and gold left Spain when Spaniards purchased these cheaper foreign goods • Spanish wars caused still more money to leave Spain

40. E. The Commercial Revolution • Overseas Investments • Overseas operations as well as the growth of European empires in the Americas led to the growth of capitalism, The invest of money for profit. • Many European investors heard tales of great wealth in the Americans. • Almost all overseas savings were considered risky and could not guarantee a profit to the investor.

41. Chapter 16Exploration and TradeSection 4African and the Atlantic Slave trade Rick World History 6th period

42. A. European Exploration In Africa Main Idea • Portuguese sailors traded with Africans for gold and eventually for slaves.

43. A. European Exploration In Africa • Slaves In Africa • Slavery existed in Africa as early as 1000 B.C-during the development of the early West Kingdoms. • They were treated more like servants than property, and some slaves were able to regain their freedom after serving specific term of service . • The children of slaves were not born into slavery , but considered free .

44. A. European Exploration In Africa • The Portuguese In Africa • In the 1400’s , Portuguese sailors began exploring the western coast of Africa looking for a route to India and the rest of Asia. • Slaves were sent to the Canary Islands, and later on to Brazil. • The slaves were forced to work long hours under conditions in the fields .

45. B. The Atlantic Slave Trade • Main Idea • A labor Shortage in the Spanish colonies led on to increased demand for African Slaves

46. B. The Atlantic Slave Trade • Plantation Laborers • African slave labor attracted attention first of Spain and then of other European nations. • Sugar was the most important crop grown on Caribbean plantations. • Another reason why Spain turned to Africa slaves was due to concerns of Baltome de las .

47. B. The Atlantic Slave Trade • Competing For Trade • Addition to using enslave Africans in the Caribbean. • The Portuguese supplied enslaved workers to Spanish colonist and to their own colony in Brazil. • England and France began to establish colonies on the smaller Caribbean Islands . • Like Spain, they wanted a cheap source of labor for their plantations

48. B. The Atlantic Slave Trade • The Demand for Slaves Increases • The demand for African slaves led to more commercial activity along Africans Gold Coast • By the end of the 1600’s, its estimated that about 1.5 million slaves had brought to the Americas • Olaudah Equian , and Africa who was sold into slavery in the 1700’s,later wrote about his experiences in Africa and the Americas

49. C. Triangular Trade Routes • Main Idea • Enslaved Africans were forced to endure horrible conditions on the journey to the Americas .

50. C. Triangular Trade Routes • The Middle Passage • The estimates for the number of slaves arriving in the Americas do not account for the number of slaves who left Africa . • The Passage in which hundreds of enslaved men , women ,and children were packed onto one ship in a single voyage . • The space below the deck was to cramped that people often could not sit up and were forced to lay on their sides.