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Geography 12: Mapping Skills UNIT 2

Geography 12: Mapping Skills UNIT 2. October 9 th , 2011. Objective. Let's look at our first topic under Mapping Skills - Contour Lines. Contour Lines. A contour line on a map is a line that joins points of equal elevation . . Contour Lines.

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Geography 12: Mapping Skills UNIT 2

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  1. Geography 12: Mapping SkillsUNIT 2 October 9th, 2011

  2. Objective • Let's look at our first topic under Mapping Skills - Contour Lines.

  3. Contour Lines • A contour line on a map is a line that joins points of equal elevation.

  4. Contour Lines • The contour line represented by the shoreline separates areas that have elevations above sea level from those that have elevations below sea level

  5. Objective • Lets review the basics of Latitude and Longitude

  6. Latitdude • (shown as a horizontal line) is the angular distance, in degrees, minutes, and seconds of a point north or south of the Equator. Lines of latitude are often referred to as parallels.

  7. Latitude • Degrees latitude are numbered from 0° to 90° north and south • Each degree of latitude is about 69 miles (111 km) apart

  8. Longitude • (shown as a vertical line) is the angular distance, in degrees, minutes, and seconds, of a point east or west of the Prime (Greenwich) Meridian. Lines of longitude are often referred to as meridians

  9. Longitude • The degrees continue 180° east and 180° west where they meet and form the International Date Line in the Pacific Ocea

  10. Longitude and Latitude • To precisely locate points on the earth's surface, degrees longitude and latitude have been divided into minutes (') and seconds

  11. Objective • A map represents some portion of the earth or sky on a two dimensional surface. The size of the individual features need not be indicated if a map scale is given • Scale

  12. Planimetric Map • eg road map, city plan, drainage network map, map showing political boundaries • two dimensional feature of the earth’s surface.

  13. Topographic map • shows three dimensional features of the earth’s surface, that is, the relief or topography of the land surface or ocean floor through the use of contour lines

  14. Scale • Map scale expresses the relationship(ratio) between distance on the map and the true distance on the ground (In reality) • Every Map should have its scale clearly indicated • Ex: 1:90000

  15. Geography 12: Mapping Skills Lesson 2: October 22, 2010

  16. Today’s Class • According my source in BC there would be no reason to use a calculator on the Geography Provincial exam • Review Homework • Scale • Gradient • Military Grid and Map Symbols • Topographic map Interpretation • Air Photo Interpretation

  17. Gradient • Let's look at how to calculate gradient which is a measurement of the steepness of the land or simply slope

  18. Military Grid • A method to locate points on a map. • With this method, a system of numbered lines is superimposed on a map and position is stated by quoting the numbers of the lines that intersect at the point in question.

  19. Symbols on a topographic map

  20. Air Photo Interpretation • Let's look at some basic guidelines to assist you in interpreting an air photograph

  21. Feature Identification • Cultural features: - some features such as airport runways have a distinctive shape which make them easy to identify • Natural features-- quite easy to tell the difference, for example, between an orchard (rows of trees with regular spacing) and a forest area with irregular tree growth • Shape

  22. Pattern • formed by the repetition of a featureeg farm fields, rows of trees in an orchard, oil storage tanks at a refinery

  23. Shadow • - high objects such as towers, chimneys, bridges, or high buildings cast shadows which help you to identify the object

  24. Tone • Cultural Features • - roads and tracks will usually have a light grey tone as they are fairly reflective of light- railways: medium grey- bridges: vary according to construction material

  25. Tone • Natural Features • Water- generally appears dark grey or black since it absorbs much of the light

  26. Tone • Vegetation - most will vary from shades of grey to black

  27. Tone • Soil- bare ground usually has a light colour but the wetter it is, the darker the tone

  28. Tone • Crops- cultivated fields and fallow fields are almost white in tone

  29. Tone • General GuideSpring: sharp, distinct field patterns due to differences in tillage and crop developmentSummer: dark tones for maturing crops and heavily leafed treesFall: distinct field patterns because of the various stages of crop development and harvestingWinter: when there is little or no snow cover, tones are generally drab and dull

  30. See Notes for Interpretation • http://www.sd36.bc.ca/sites/semiah/mleziva/unit2/U02L09.htm • Homework

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