Eya Abrantes | Mashee Sy | Rosh Wee Eng | Justin Toribio | Ian Claveria | Lloyd Reyes | Jhay Capuz

1. hotdogs Eya Abrantes | Mashee Sy | Rosh Wee Eng | Justin Toribio | Ian Claveria | Lloyd Reyes | Jhay Capuz

2. Manufacturing and its definition

3. The word manufacture comes from the Latin manus (hand) and facere (to make).

4. Manufacturing and its definition Manufacturingis the use of machines, tools and labor to make things for use or sale.

5. Manufacturing and its definition The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech.

6. Manufacturing and its definition But is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale.

7. Manufacturing and its definition Among the most important manufacturing industries are those that produce aircraft, automobiles, chemicals, clothing, computers, consumer electronics, electrical equipment, furniture, heavy machinery, refined petroleum products, ships, steel, and tools and dies.

8. Manufacturing in the Tropics

9. Economic Status of Tropical Countries relative to Temperate Countries Manufacturing in the Tropics

10. Temperate: • JAPAN • 2nd technologically advanced country in the world • Small defense allocation (1% of GDP) • Based on PPP – 3rd largest economy in the world after USA and China • Big debt (170% of their GDP) • 2 notable characteristics: close interlocking structures of manufacturers, suppliers, and distributors, known as keiretsu, and the guarantee of lifetime employment for a substantial portion of the urban labor force. • Industrial sector is highly dependent on imported materials • Agricultural sector is also focused on

11. Manufacturing in the Tropics

12. USA • Most technologically powerful economy in the world • Business firms in US have greater flexibility than their counterparts in West Europe and Japan • Advanced in technology • Just recently, Pres. Obama signed a bill providing an additional $787 B to create jobs and make the economy recover Manufacturing in the Tropics

13. Manufacturing in the Tropics

14. United Kingdom • 1 of the 5 trillion dollar economies in West Europe • Agriculture is intensive and highly mechanized • Government has greatly reduced public ownership Manufacturing in the Tropics

15. Manufacturing in the Tropics

16. Manufacturing in the Tropics

17. Tropical: Philippines Manufacturing in the Tropics

18. Manufacturing in the Tropics

19. General Types of Manufacturing in the Tropics Manufacturing in the Tropics

20. mostly agricultural in nature • Fruits and fruit products • From livestock • Timber Products Manufacturing in the Tropics

21. Fruits and Fruit Products Pineapple Products : juice, canned, candied, furniture Manufacturing in the Tropics

22. Fruits and Fruit Products Mango Products: purees, dried, juices Manufacturing in the Tropics

23. Fruits and Fruit Products Coconut: furniture, jam, biscuits, oil, etc. Manufacturing in the Tropics

24. Fruits and Fruit Products Sugarcane: rum, sugar, cane ethanol Manufacturing in the Tropics

25. Sample Countries Pineapple Producers Manufacturing in the Tropics

26. Sample Countries mango Producers Manufacturing in the Tropics

27. Sample Countries mango Producers Manufacturing in the Tropics

28. Sample Countries coconut Producers Manufacturing in the Tropics

29. Sample Countries sugarcane Producers Source: Food And Agricultural Organization of United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Devision Manufacturing in the Tropics

30. From Livestock Beef Jerky, milk Manufacturing in the Tropics

31. Sample Countries Tropical part of Australia, Philippines Manufacturing in the Tropics

32. From Timber Logs, sawn wood, veneer, plywood Manufacturing in the Tropics

33. Sample Countries Brazil, Burma, Sri Lanka, Singapore Manufacturing in the Tropics

34. Climate, Soil and Vegetation, and the Manufacturing Sector

35. CLIMATE • aggregates of weather over a span of time • elements: temperature, pressure, wind, precipitation • considered an economic resource • -‘dualistic’ influence on economic conditions Climate, Soil and Vegetation, and the Manufacturing Sector

36. CLIMATE AND MANUFACTURING • climate affects the type of good to manufacture/process [nature of industry] • - tropical countries: plenty of raw materials • - mostly agricultural [primary] product • - manufacturing- concerned with the processing of agricultural • or primary products [for export and domestic • consumption] • -most tropical countries are agricultural Climate, Soil and Vegetation, and the Manufacturing Sector

37. climate affects manufacturing locations • According to Riefler and Lamphear (1980) • a. effect to people’s behavioral patterns: “people variable” • i. role of climate: amenity orientation • ii. industries are highly attracted to places with high amenities • - more favorable climate: more people would migrate to that • place • - industries would emerge as the result; services (tertiary • industries) also emerge Climate, Soil and Vegetation, and the Manufacturing Sector

38. b. economic costs: energy costs • - firms become more ‘climate-oriented’ as energy costs become higher • - industries tend to move toward places with climates favoring their ‘craft’ • - food processing industries: colder climates • - lumber industries: tropical climates Climate, Soil and Vegetation, and the Manufacturing Sector

39. 3. climate affects [investment flows] developments in manufacturing • - tropical climate: not conducive for economic development • [Ezeala-Harrison (1996)] • - restricts economic development” • - presence of torrential rains and destructive storms • - dehydrating effect of heat: drains physical and mental efforts in production • - industrial activity [manufacturing]: indicator of economic development • - Most tropical countries are considered as developing countries with the exceptions of Singapore and Hong Kong. • - Singapore: island city-state • - Hong Kong: former British colony SOURCES EZEALA-HARRISON, F. 1996. Environmental Issues and Development. In: Economic development: theory and policy applications by Ezeala-Harrison, F. 1996. Greenwood Publishing Group. Pp. 209-211 RIEFLER, R. & LAMPHEAR, F.C. 1980. Climate and Manufacturing Location. US Department of Commerce. Retrieved October 1, 2009. In: http://www.jrap-journal.org/pastvolumes/1980/v14/14-2-4.pdf Chapter Sixteen: Manufacturing. [Hand-outs in Geog133] Climate, Soil and Vegetation, and the Manufacturing Sector

40. Soil Pros • The soil in the tropics is very fertile and thus manufacturers have capitalized on this and several plantations have been built. • Terra preta Climate, Soil and Vegetation, and the Manufacturing Sector

41. Soil Examples • Coffee plantations • Coffee is an important necessity commodity. With over 500 billion cups consumed every year. • Most of the production of coffee is produced in the tropics most notably in Brazil where 2.59 millions in metric tons are produced. • Tobacco/Cigar manufacturing • Good example are Cuban cigars in cuba • Tobacco plantations and then hand cigars are made in a factory. Climate, Soil and Vegetation, and the Manufacturing Sector

42. Soil Cons • Soils in the humid tropics are normally highly acidic and nutrient poor; decomposition is rapid because of high temperatures, high humidity and frequent heavy rains. • Approximately a third of all tropical soils are too acidic to support traditional food crops. These highly acidic tropical soils represent the largest untapped arable land left in the world, and therefore more productive utilization of these lands is key to expanding the world food supply. Climate, Soil and Vegetation, and the Manufacturing Sector

43. vegetation Pros • The tropics has lush vegetation and abundant of raw materials that is beneficial for manufacturing. Examples • Timber used for manufacture of woodwork and construction materials. • Several tropical plants which has various uses ranging from medicine to household shampoos and such. Climate, Soil and Vegetation, and the Manufacturing Sector

44. vegetation Cons • As said most of the tropics (especially in the rainforests) it is impossible to establish any type living. • Manufacturing requires lots of capital and since most of the countries in the tropics are considered “poor” then manufactures are mostly owned by foreigners. Climate, Soil and Vegetation, and the Manufacturing Sector

45. Manufacturing in the Philippines

46. Status of the manufacturing sector of the philippines relative to nearby countries

47. Manufacturing accounts for roughly 71% on the average of industry output and 24.6% of gross domestic product (GDP) for the period 1986-2007. Source: ADB, SDBS Key Economic Indicators Source: Facts in Figures Congressional Planning and Budget Department House of Representative July 2008 Manufacturing in the Philippines

48. The growth of manufacturing gross value added (GVA) spiked at 5.8% in 2005. Thereafter, while growth in GDP has been on the upswing to a resurgent high of 7.2% in 2007, manufacturing was on a downslide to 3.4%, lower than its 3.5% growth posted in 2002. Growth of Gross Domestic Product and Manufacturing (%) Source: Facts in Figures Congressional Planning and Budget Department House of Representative July 2008 Source of basic data: NSCB – I-Stat online. Manufacturing in the Philippines

49. Among selected Asian countries, the Philippine manufacturing share to GDP for the period 2000-2006 was one of the lowest, marginally higher than Vietnam and does not even come close to that of Indonesia. Source: Facts in Figures Congressional Planning and Budget Department House of Representative July 2008 Manufacturing in the Philippines

50. Almost 90% of total Philippine exports are manufactured goods highlighting the dependence of the country on manufactured good for exports. Source: Facts in Figures Congressional Planning and Budget Department House of Representative July 2008 Manufacturing in the Philippines