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Chapter 8 Memory: Theories and Neurocognition

Chapter 8 Memory: Theories and Neurocognition. 1. aluminum -- c 2. lion -- c 3. nylon -- v/c 4. spatula -- v/c 5. desk -- v/c 6. foot -- v/c 7. peach -- c 8. club -- v/c 9. vodka -- c . 10. chisel -- v/c 11. swimming -- c 12. blouse -- c 13. clarinet -- c

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Chapter 8 Memory: Theories and Neurocognition

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  1. Chapter 8Memory: Theories and Neurocognition

  2. 1. aluminum -- c 2. lion -- c 3. nylon -- v/c 4. spatula -- v/c 5. desk -- v/c 6. foot -- v/c 7. peach -- c 8. club -- v/c 9. vodka -- c 10. chisel -- v/c 11. swimming -- c 12. blouse -- c 13. clarinet -- c 14. eagle -- v/c 15. truck -- v/c 16. Judy -- c 17. polio -- v/c 18. purple -- c c = category, v/c = #vowel, # consonant

  3. Early Studies • Ebbinghaus - wrote first to present systematic studies of memory and forgetting • nonsense syllables, forgetting curve • James - Philosopher, physician, psychologist whose dual-memory concept served as the basis of modern theories of memory. • Primary (immediate) and secondary (indirect)

  4. Primary memory - similar to STM • Secondary Memory - permanent memory, LTM • Ebbinghaus and James were ignored for 75 years, until emergence of cognitive psych.

  5. Neurocognition of Memory • Engram - memory trace • Long-term potentiation - process by which memories become permanent • “enhanced” responding of nerve cells repeatedly stimulated • Cerebral cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus involved in storage and processing

  6. Evidence for Two memory stores • James’s dualistic theory • Amnesia • behavioral studies (like Ebbinghaus) • primacy and recency effects • Issue is STILL BEING DEBATED

  7. Cognitive Storage Systems • Table on p. 240 • lots of experiments led to this, but still make an inferential jump

  8. Models of Memory • Waugh and Norman • Atkinson and Shiffrin • Level of Recall • Craik - Levels of Processing Model • Self-Reference Effect (SRE) • Tulving - Episodic and Semantic Memory • Connectionist (PDP) model

  9. Work: • Brief description • Diagram (if appropriate) • Research supporting the model • Advantages/Disadvantages with model

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