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Onshore wind and environmental impact requirements: The experience of ACCIONA

Onshore wind and environmental impact requirements: The experience of ACCIONA. Lorena García Alvero International Environment Dpt. EWEC 2007. MILAN. 10 May 2007. Onshore wind and environmental impact requirements. Index. 1. ACCIONA, a leader in renewables 2. Environmental issues

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Onshore wind and environmental impact requirements: The experience of ACCIONA

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  1. Onshore wind and environmental impact requirements: The experience of ACCIONA Lorena García Alvero International Environment Dpt. EWEC 2007. MILAN. 10 May 2007

  2. Onshore wind and environmental impact requirements Index 1. ACCIONA, a leader in renewables 2. Environmental issues 3. Best-Practice measures. Examples 4. New Projects 5. Conclusions

  3. Onshore wind and environmental impact requirements 1.ACCIONA, a leader in renewables

  4. 1. ACCIONA, a leader in renewables Wind energy leader, present in the main clean technologies BIOFUELS HEAT ELECTRICITY Bioethanol Biodiesel Small hydro Biomass and cogeneration Photovoltaic solar Thermal solar Wind Thermal electric solar 59 MW 142 MW 2.4 MW (26 other companies) 64 MW(construction) 1 MW (23 other companies) 70,000 t 26,000 t 3,133 MW (1,225 other companies) HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION

  5. 1. ACCIONA, a leader in renewables … and in 2 industrial businesses WIND TURBINES SOLAR PANELS Barasoain Vall D´Uixó Nantong Toledo Portugal 2006: 125 2006: 120 2006: 36 2006: 211 hubs 31 shafts 24 MW per annum (under development) (Cap: 360 ) (Cap: 360 ) (Cap:400 ) INDUSTRIAL INTEGRATION

  6. 1. ACCIONA, a leader in renewables Wind power implemented by ACCIONA in the world Germany 116 MW Hungary 24 MW France 65 MW Canada 60 MW Spain 2,648 MW USA 86 MW Greece 35 MW Italy 33 MW Countries with windparks installed New countries with windparks being developed Australia 66 MW MW owned: 3,133. MW attributed: 2,348. MW installed (own property and other companies): 4,357

  7. Onshore wind and environmental impact requirements 2.Environmental issues

  8. 2. Environmental issues Main points to be considered 2.1Ecology and Nature Conservation 2.2Avifauna and bats 2.3Landscape and visual Impact 2.4Shadow Flicker 2.5Noise 2.6 Cultural Heritage

  9. 2.1 Ecology and Nature Conservation Relevant regulatory framework • County development plans and national planning policies. • Wildlife sites: • European sites: SPAs and SACs. • Country, regional protected areas. • National Parks, National Scenic Areas, Candidate Special Areas of Conservation, RAMSAR sites… • Local planning officers.

  10. 2.2. Avifauna and Bats No significant rates of bird collisions BIRDS - Standard methodologies: BACI • Before Construction: • 12-month field survey • Control of the use of space: heigth, flight distances, crossing points on crests, type of flight…as well as atmospheric conditions, wind conditions… • Post -Construction: • 1-5 years of monitoring • In ACCIONA’s windparks in Navarre -with almost 1,000 turbines installed now- the detected mortality rate for small, medium-sized and large birds between 2000 and 2006 have oscillated between 0.1 and 0.6collisions per wind turbine/year

  11. 2.2. Avifauna and Bats Not well-known all around the world BATS • Detectors to quantify bat activity. • Identification: Echolocation calls. • Studies focused on height patterns during flights and species identification. • In ACCIONA’s windparks in Navarre -with almost 1,000 turbines installed now- the detected mortality rate for bats between 2000 and 2006 have oscillated between 0.031 and 0.006 collisions per wind turbine/year.

  12. 2.3. Landscape and visual impact Photomontage

  13. 2.4. Shadow Flicker Shadow Flicker Shadow flickering analysis for neighbouring properties is undertaken in the design phase. Maximum 30 h per year Maximum 30 min per day

  14. 2.5. Noise Noise Maximun allowable log equivalent (hourly measurements) in dBA: 55 dBA: day time (07:00 – 22:00) 45 dBA : night time (22:00- 07:00) Source: The World Bank Also to be taken into account: ISO 9613-1 / 2

  15. 2.6. Cultural Heritage Cultural Heritage • Archaeological evaluation in advance of construction. • On–site archaeologist during excavation.

  16. Onshore wind and environmental impact requirements 3. Best - Practice Measures

  17. 3. Best-Practice Measures Best-Practice measures should be adopted by any windfarm development • Ensuring that key areas of conservation importance are avoided. • Implementing appropriate working practices to protect sensitive habitats. • Employing an on-site biologist / ecologist during construction. • Implementing an agreed postdevelopment monitoring programme. • Timing construction to avoid sensitive periods. • Avoiding alignments perpendicular to main flight paths. • Providing corridors between turbineswhen necessary. • Marking overhead cables: Transmission lines must be birds-friendly. • Implementing habitat enhancement for species using the site.

  18. 3. Best-Practice Measures Best-Practice measures should be adopted by any windfarm development • Separation of vegetable soil when excavating, to be re-used for landfill. • Only use the necessary surface area, taking advantage of existing access routes to the maximum. • Recovering the original profile of the land and sow grass to ensure its recovery and prevent erosion. • Removing dead livestock(attract birds). • Identification of concrete wells, waste containers…

  19. 3. Best-Practice Measures Examples of Best-Practice measures Recovering the original profile of the land and sowing grass

  20. 3. Best-Practice Measures Examples of Best-Practice measures Corridor for birds in the El Perdón windpark (Navarre) Use of an existing access track and regeneration of the surroundings of the Leitza windpark (Navarre)

  21. 3. Best-Practice Measures Example of the same access road during construction and operation phase. Subsoil and topsoil were replaced “in situ”.

  22. 3. Best-Practice Measures Polypropylene spirals rolled around two wires

  23. 3. Best-Practice Measures Neoprene black crossed bands on conductors

  24. Onshore wind and environmental impact requirements 4.New Projects

  25. 4. New Projects • Remote techniques: Radar. • Currently, we are testingpainted blades in four windfarms. • Research on acustic-deterrent device to make bats avoid wind turbines. • Bird radar tracking in certain species (Bonelli’s eagle, Hieraetus fasciatus). • Adapt the control software to stop turbines during certain periods of time (migration) • Video cameras for bird surveillance.

  26. Onshore wind and environmental impact requirements 5.Conclusions

  27. 5. Conclusions Environmental issues must be integrated from the first step in the wind farm design • The implementation of wind power should be done from a perspective of respect for the environment: Site selection is crucial to minimising impacts. • A postdevelopment monitoring programme is essential to verify the predictions made in the ES, to identify the need for further mitigation measures should they be required. • Best – practice measures avoid environmental problems. • Exchange of experience, knowledge and good practice in environmental issues.

  28. Onshore wind and environmental impact requirements The experience of ACCIONA Lorena García Alvero International Environment Dpt. EWEC 2007. MILAN. 10 May 2007

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