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Introduction of medicinal plants

Introduction of medicinal plants. Part (I) : The Leaf. I- Introduction. II- Examples. I- Introduction of leaf. 1- Definition. 4- leaf structure. ● Morphology ● Histology. Introduction of Leaves. 3- Types of leaves. 2- Phyllotaxis. Introduction of leaf. ● Definition

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Introduction of medicinal plants

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  1. Introduction of medicinal plants

  2. Part (I) : The Leaf I- Introduction II- Examples

  3. I- Introduction of leaf

  4. 1- Definition 4- leaf structure ● Morphology ● Histology Introduction of Leaves 3- Types of leaves 2- Phyllotaxis

  5. Introduction of leaf ● Definition Leaves are lateral outgrowth from the stem with different function and structure.

  6. Leaves are characterized by four main characters: ● They have a flattened form. ● Their texture is usually thin. ● Presence of chlorophyll. ● Presence of veins, which act as supporting and conducting strands.

  7. 1- Definition 4- leaf structure ● Morphology ● Histology Introduction of Leaves 3- Types of leaves 2- Phyllotaxis

  8. Introduction of leaf ● Phyllotaxis: 1- Alternative or spiral. 2- Opposite. 3- Opposite decussate. 4- Whorled.

  9. 2- Opposite 1- Alternative or spiral 3- Opposite decussate 4- Whorled

  10. Q: Identify the following phyllotaxis? Whorled Opposite Alternative or spiral Opposite decussate

  11. 1- Definition 4- leaf structure ● Morphology ● Histology Introduction of Leaves 3- Types of leaves 2- Phyllotaxis

  12. Introduction of leaf ● Types of leaves: 1- Cotyledons (seed-leaves): ●Found on embryonic plants in the seed ● For storage of food

  13. 2- Prophylls: ● First leaves borne on a branch ● Simpler in structure than ordinary leaves

  14. 3- Foliage leaves: ● Ordinary green leaves ● Primary location of photosynthesis

  15. 4- Bracts: ● Leaves having flowers or group of flowers in their axis ● Smaller than ordinary leaves

  16. 5- Floral leaves: ● Like sepals, petals, stamens and carpels ● They have no buds in their axis

  17. 6- Scale leaves: ● Found on all underground stem ● Enclose and protect rhizomes and buds

  18. 7- Modified leaves: ● The whole leaf or part of leaf is modified in to special structure for special function. ● Tendril Climbing Spines Protection

  19. 1- Definition 4- leaf structure ● Morphology ● Histology Introduction of Leaves 3- Types of leaves 2- Phyllotaxis

  20. ● Leaf structure: Introduction of leaf lamina petiole Base

  21. 1- Base : ▪ The base is slightly enlarged and attached to the stem at a node ▪ In some cases, the leaf-base develops lateral outgrowths called stipules and the leaf is called stipulate leaf ( c.v : exstipulate leaf) ▪ Both leaf-base and stipules serve for protection of axillary buds. .

  22. 2- Petiole : ▪ It is the small stalk developes between the leaf base and lamina . ▪ Vary in length or may be lacking entirely, in which case the leaf blade is described as sessile. ▪Absent sessile present petiolate

  23. 3- Blade : ▪ It is flattened terminal portion ▪ It is usually the largest part of a leaf. Blade ● Morphology ● Histology

  24. Composition of lamina

  25. 1- Simple lamina ● The lamina consists of a continuous, undivided surface.

  26. 2- lobed lamina

  27. 2- lobed lamina ● When the lamina is cut up in to a number of lobes (incisions) connected together. ● If the incision is directed towards the midrib, the lamina is Pinnately-lobed. ● If the incision is directed towards the top of petiole, the lamina is called Palmately- lobed.

  28. 3- Compound lamina ● The lamina is completely segmented in to numbers of separate leaflets.

  29. Paripinnate Imparipinnate

  30. Q: identify the following letters?

  31. Description of lamina 1- Shape 5- Base 2- Size 6- Venation 3- Apex 7- Surface 4- Margin 8- Texture

  32. 1- Shape: ● Oval ● Ovate ● Obovate ● Oblong ● Spathulate ● Cordate

  33. ● Lanculate ● Reniform ● Filliform ● Acicular ● Linear ● Tubular ● Ensiform

  34. 2- Size: The size doesn't exceed 30 cm long.

  35. 3- Apex: ● Acute ● Acuminate ● Obtuse ● Mucronate ● Emarginate ● Recurved

  36. 4- Margin: ● Entire ● Revolute ● Crenate ● Ciliate ● Serrate ● Dentate

  37. 5-Base: ● Symmetric ● Asymmetric ● Decurrent ● Cordate ● Reniform

  38. 6- Venation: ● Parallel ● Reticulate Pinnately-reticulate Palmately-reticulate

  39. 7- Surface: ●Smooth ●Punctate ● Rugose ● Glabrous ● Pubescent

  40. 8- Texture: ● Membraneous ●Papery ● Coriaceous ●Succulent

  41. 1- Definition 4- leaf structure ● Morphology ● Histology Introduction of Leaves 3- Types of leaves 2- Phyllotaxis

  42. Histology of lamina The Epidermis Mesophyll

  43. Histology of lamina

  44. 1- Epidermis ●Definition: The epidermis is the outer layer of cells covering the leaf on the top and bottom. ● Function:For protection the other layers of leaf tissue & regulation of gas exchange. ● The epidermis is coated on the outer side with a waxy cuticle that prevents water loss.

  45. ●The epidermis is covered with pores calledstomata that regulate the exchange of gases and water vapor between the outside air and the interior of the leaf. Typically, the stomata are more numerous over the lower epidermis than the upper epidermis.

  46. ● Some leaves have hairs (pubescence), which are extensions of epidermal cells (Trichomes).

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