Mapping Your Career With NIH

1. Mapping Your Career With NIH September 14, 2012 @ USU Henry Khachaturian /Milton Hernandez (OER/NIH) Ming Lei (NCI)

2. National Institutes of Health • Our mission is to seek fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living systems and the application of that knowledge to enhance health, lengthen life, and reduce the burdens of illness and disability. • World’s largest source of funding for biomedical research • Support more than 300,000 research personnel at over 3,000 universities and research institutions • 27 Institutes and Centers (ICs) with specific research agendas

3. FY 2012 Budget: $31.987 Billion ~$794 M Training ~$652 M Career ~$1.43 Billion

4. Advice for Mapping Your Career With NIH • Review Institute/Center (IC) priorities and goals. Each IC has a research training and career development program. • Learn the NIH application and review process • Identify the grant programs offered by each IC • Make early contact with program officers • Find innovative, well-respected mentors and collaborators • Study successful grant applications- talk to your mentor • Propose your best and most creative ideas • Apply (and then Persevere): “It's not that I'm so smart, it's just that I stay with problems longer.” ~Albert Einstein 4

6. Opportunities

7. Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards • NRSA Opportunities: • Training grants (Ts): Multi-slot awards that are used to support research training activities for several individuals. • Fellowships (Fs): Awards for graduate students working on a doctoral degree and researchers who have just earned their doctorates (postdocs). Overview: The overall goal of the NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NRSA) program is to help ensure that a diverse pool of highly trained scientists is available in appropriate scientific disciplines to address the Nation's biomedical, behavioral, and clinical research needs.

8. Training Grants Overview: • Training programs to prepare qualified individuals for careers that have a significant impact on the health-related research needs of the Nation. • Awarded to domestic institutions. • Trainees work in mentors’ labs. • Available for Predoctoral and/or Postdoctoral researchers. • Support basic and/or clinical researchers. T-Kiosk: http://grants.nih.gov/training/T_Table.htm Core Review Criteria: • Training Program and Environment • Training Program Director(s)/ Principal Investigator(s) • Preceptors/Mentors • Trainees • Training Record Additional Review Considerations: • Recruitment and Retention Plan to Enhance Diversity • Training in the Responsible Conduct of Research

9. Success Rate of T32 Awards

10. Fellowships Overview: • Awarded to Predoctoral or Postdoctoral fellows who are working with mentors. • Training can be at domestic or foreign institutions. • Opportunities in basic and/or clinical research. • Open to any scientific area within the NIH scientific mission. • PhDs and MD/PhDs receive most of the awards. F-Kiosk: http://grants.nih.gov/training/F_files_nrsa.htm Core Review Criteria: • Fellowship Applicant – Academic record and training, publications, etc. • Sponsors, Collaborators, and Consultants • Research Training Plan • Training Potential • Institutional Environment & Commitment to Training Additional Review Consideration: • Training in the Responsible Conduct of Research

11. F30 and F31 Predoctoral Fellowships Overview: • Support Predoctoral Fellows during graduate (possibly medical) training. • F30 (MD/PhD) may support up to 6 years of training. • F31 is limited to 5 years total. • Promising doctoral candidates who will be performing dissertation research. • Some Institutes and Centers only support Diversity F31s. • Fellows may not change the scope, move fellowship, or change mentor without prior NIH approval! Program Features: • Stipend: • FY 2012: $22,032 • Tuition/Fees: • 60% of requested tuition, capped at $16,000 ($21,000 for MD/PhD programs) • Institutional Allowance: • $4,200 • Includes health insurance • Includes travel allowance

12. F32 Postdoctoral Fellowships Overview: • Support Postdoctoral research training. • Promising fellows with the potential to become productive, independent investigators in scientific health-related research fields relevant to the missions of NIH Institutes & Centers. • NRSA support for up to 3 years total. • Fellows may not change the scope, move fellowship, or switch mentor without prior NIH approval! Program Features: • Stipends: • FY 2012: $39,264 (Level-0) to $54,180 (Level-7) • Tuition/Fees: • 60% of requested tuition, capped at $4,500 ($16,000 for those seeking another doctoral degree) • Institutional Allowance: • $7,850 • Includes health insurance • Includes travel allowance

13. Success Rate of F31 Awards

14. Success Rate of F32 Awards

15. Career Development Awards Overview: • Individual and Institutional Awards. • Opportunities for basic and clinical investigators. • Mix of mentored and independent mechanisms. • Some designed as awards for faculty investigators. • Newer programs (K22 and K99/R00) are transition awards for MDs and PhDs. K-Kiosk: http://grants.nih.gov/training/careerdevelopmentawards.htm Core Review Criteria: • Candidate • Career Development Plan/Career Goals & Objectives (or Plan to Provide Mentoring*) • Research Plan • Mentor(s), Consultants(s) and Collaborator(s) • Environment and Institutional Commitment to the Candidate Additional Review Consideration: • Training in the Responsible Conduct of Research * For Independent K awards

16. K08 Mentored Clinical Scientist Development AwardK23 Mentored Patient-Oriented Career Development Award Overview: • K08: Supports individuals with a clinical doctoral degree for a period of intensive, supervised research career development experience in the fields of biomedical and behavioral research, including translational research. • K23: Supports career development of investigators who have made a commitment to patient-oriented research. • Majority of awardees are MDs and MD/PhDs. Program Features: • Duration: 3 to 5 years • Salary Support: Up to legislative cap (varies by Institute/Center) – Most common salary cap is $75,000 • Research Support: up to $50,000/year (varies by Institute/Center) • Institute and Center contacts and policies: See Funding Opportunity Announcement

17. Success Rate of K08 Awards

18. Success Rate of K23 Awards

19. K24 Mid-Career Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research Overview: • Support for mid-career health-professional doctorates or equivalent who are typically at the Associate Professor level or the equivalent for protected time to devote to patient-oriented research and to act as research mentors primarily for clinical residents, clinical fellows and/or junior clinical faculty. • Typically associate professors, but can continue to support those promoted to full professor. • Typically MDs. Program Features: • Duration: 3 to 5 years • Salary Support: Most Institutes and Centers provide salary up to the legislative cap • Research Support: Most Institutes and Centers provide up to $50,000/year • Institute and Center contacts and policies: See Funding Opportunity Announcement

20. K22 Research Scholar Development Award Overview: • Facilitates the transition of investigators from the mentored stage of career development to the independent stage. • Typically, transition award for Postdocs moving to assistant professor positions. Two Phases: • Phase 1: Apply while still in a mentored position. One year to find an independent position after being selected for the award. • Phase 2: Assistant professor with own lab and little to no teaching and administrative responsibilities. Program Features: • Duration: 2-3 years • Salary Support: Up to legislative cap (varies by Institute/Center) • Research Support: up to $50,000/year (varies by Institute/Center) – None during Intramural phase • Institute and Center contacts and policies: See Funding Opportunity Announcement

21. K99/R00 Pathway to Independence Award Overview: • Transition award for postdocs moving to assistant professor positions (tenure track or equivalent) • No citizenship/green card requirement Two Phases: • Phase 1(K99): support for up to 2 years mentored training, that leads to an independent position. • Phase 2: support for 3 years in a tenure track position, hopefully leads to an R01. Program Features: • K99 Phase • Mentored Phase: Up to 2 years • Salary Support: Up to $90,000/year (most Institutes & Centers provide more funds) • R00 Phase • Independent Phase: Up to 3 years; 75% effort • Research Support: $249,000/year • Institute and Center contacts and policies: See Funding Opportunity Announcement

22. Success Rate of K99 Awards

23. Small Grant Program (R03) Overview: • Provides limited funding for a short period of time to support a variety of types of projects, including: • Pilot or feasibility studies • Collection of preliminary data • Secondary analysis of existing data • Small, self-contained research projects • Development of new technology, etc. Program Features: • Limited to two years of funding • Direct costs generally up to $50,000 per year • Not renewable • Utilized by more than half of the NIH Institutes and Centers • Institute and Center contacts and policies: See Funding Opportunity Announcement

24. Exploratory/Developmental Research (R21) Overview: • Encourages new, exploratory and developmental research projects by providing support for the early stages of project development. • Sometimes used for pilot and feasibility studies. • Preliminary data are not required but may be included if available. • Limited to up to two years of funding. Program Features: • Combined budget for direct costs for the two year project period usually may not exceed $275,000 • No preliminary data is generally required • Most Institutes and Centers utilize the R21 program • Institute and Center contacts and policies: See Funding Opportunity Announcement

25. Bridges to Independence: Fostering the Independence of New Investigators in Biomedical Research (2005) Concerns have been raised for decades about scientists spending long periods of time as postdoctoral appointees, unable to set their own direction R01 for New and Early-Stage Investigators Becoming an independent research is taking longer and longer Age at First R01 Equivalent Award from NIH: FY 1980-2009

26. New and Early-Stage Investigators NIH is finding new methods to encourage funding (and hiring) of early-stage investigators Goal of funding new investigators at same rate as established investigators submitting new projects Revised New and Early Stage Investigator Policies (NOT-OD-09-013) A new program to allow exceptional young investigators to “skip” the post-doc!

27. New Investigator Initiatives • New Investigators (NIs) receive special attention at Council as high program priority or equivalent. • Increased payline for scored R01 applications from NIs. • No imposed reductions in duration and amount of awards (beyond the recommendations of the initial review group) for NIs. • Fund applications to achieve a designated success rate rather than setting a specific payline for NIs applying for R01s. • R01 NIs whose applications score below the payline can submit 5-page letters responding to critiques in the summary statement for Advisory Council review. If these letters respond satisfactorily to the concerns raised by the study sections, the Council can decide to fund these applications, avoiding the need for resubmission.

28. Who Qualifies as a New Investigator? • A PD/PI who has not previously competed successfully for a significant NIH independent research award, including: • Research Project Grants: R00, R03, R15, R21, R25, R90, (RL9, RL5), R34, R36, (R41, R43), R55, R56, SC2, SC3 • All training Grants: T32, T34, T35, T90, D43 • All Fellowships: F awards • Mentored Career Awards: All individual and institutional mentored K awards • Loan repayment contracts: L30, L32, L40, L50, L60 • Instrumentation, Construction, Education, Health Disparity Endowment Grants, or Meeting Awards: G07, G08, G11, G13, G20, R13, S10, S15, S21, S22

29. Who Qualifies as a Early Stage Investigator? • A PD/PI who qualifies as a New Investigator is considered an Early Stage Investigator (ESI) if he/she is within 10 years of completing his/her terminal research degree or is within 10 years of completing medical residency (or the equivalent). • Implementing the Early Stage Investigator Policy: eRA Commons profiles include degree and residency completion dates • Encouraging early transition to research independence: Modifying the NIH New Investigator policy to identify ESIs • Can request an extension of the ESI Period

30. NIH Director’s Early Independence Award (EIA) A new program to allow exceptional young investigators to “skip” the post-doc! “For the most creative of young scientists, nothing can equal the chance to have a lab of one's own.” Francis Collins, Nature, 2010 • Inspired in some respects by programs at Carnegie, Whitehead, UCSF, and other institutions showing that exceptional individuals do not require a post-doc to undertake pioneering research. • Solicited and incorporated input from research community. • First year will be a pilot (~10 awards) to test ideas and process, but may be scaled up in subsequent years. Program Features: • An institution may submit up to two applications • Awards will be up to $250K per year (direct costs) for up to 5 years

31. NIH Director’s Early Independence Award (EIA).What’s Novel? • Institution may actively recruit eligible EIA candidates • Institution ensures independent lab space/supplies/space/equipment • Appointment up to 5 yrs • Protected research time for development as researcher • Proposed research complements and enhances institution’s programs • Institution may choose to retain candidate • New PhD or MD locates an institution willing to host them for an EIA • Must be within 12 mo. before or after graduation • Must demonstrate exceptional creativity, maturity, management skills • Research relevant to NIH mission • Strong letters of recommendation

32. Advice for Mapping Your Career With NIH • Review Institute/Center (IC) priorities and goals. Each IC has a research training and career development program. • Learn the NIH application and review process • Identify the grant programs offered by each IC • Make early contact with program officers • Find innovative, well-respected mentors and collaborators • Study successful grant applications- talk to your mentor • Propose your best and most creative ideas • Apply (and then Persevere): “It's not that I'm so smart, it's just that I stay with problems longer.” ~Albert Einstein

33. Additional Resources To learn more about NIH grants and training opportunities, visit: http://grants.nih.gov Also, you may follow funding announcements at: http://twitter.com/nihforfunding