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Glucose homeostasis

Glucose homeostasis. Insulin lowers blood glucose (yes, but...) Insulin enables glucose metabolism in cells (yes, but...) Insulin exerts its effect through insulin receptor a transmembrane protein with kinase activity

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Glucose homeostasis

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  1. Glucose homeostasis • Insulin lowers blood glucose (yes, but...) • Insulin enables glucose metabolism in cells (yes, but...) • Insulin exerts its effect through insulin receptor a transmembrane protein with kinase activity • Key point of postreceptor events (a complicated cascade) is the translocation of glucose transporter GLUT4 to the membrane of muscle and fat cells THE PLAYERS OF THE GAME: GLUCOSE, INSULIN INSULIN RECEPTOR GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER inse.ppt

  2. IR glucose GLUT4 inse.ppt

  3. INSULIN glucose IR GLUT4 inse.ppt

  4. INSULIN glucose IR GLUT4 inse.ppt

  5. Insulin effects • synthesis of glycogen • glycolysis • synthesis of fatty acids and their esterification • synthesis of proteins • glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis • oxidation of fatty acids and lipolysis • INSULIN IS ANABOLIC HORMONE inse.ppt

  6. INSULIN glucose IR GLUT4 inse.ppt

  7. „disorder of secretion and disturbance of function“ performance of B cells burden - obesity inse.ppt

  8. Secretion disorder is the first Genes regulating the intrauterine development of Langerhans islets Lessons from an extreme rare condition transient neonatal diabetes Small babies and DM2 inse.ppt

  9. Different burden Different performance inse.ppt

  10. Allostasis instead of homeostasis (no free lunch) inse.ppt

  11. 1994 - REALITY WORLD 99 million / 1.8 % EUROPE 16 million / 3.1 % 2010 - FORECAST 216 million / 3.8 % 24 million / 4.8 % TYPE 2 DIABETES IN THE WORLD UNDIAGNOSED DIABETES MELLITUS! MORE FOOD & WESTERNIZATIONÞ OBESITY AGING OF POPULATION IN MOST COUNTRIES inse.ppt

  12. TYPE 2 DIABETES IS THETIP OF THE ICEBERG • 4 % TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS • often undiagnosed • usual diagnosed too late Þ • microvascular complications present • atherosclerosis accelerated • 12 % IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE* • atherosclerosis accelerated • cca 25 % INSULIN HYPERSECRETION • (INSULIN RESISTANCE, X-SYNDROME) • impaired sympathetic regulation ? • obesity, hypertension, impaired lipid status • atherosclerosis accelerated inse.ppt

  13. CVD & DM 2 PREVENTION, 2000 Þ • NUTRITION • energy ß composition , micronutrients Ý • SMOKING & ALCOHOL ß • HUNTING & GATHERING Ý (PHYSICAL ACTIVITY) • HEALTH AWARENESS Ý • weight control • blood lipids, glucose • blood pressure • inherited and acquired health risks inse.ppt 55% S, 30% F, 15% P

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