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Exploring Chemical Properties Across Period 3 Elements

This educational material discusses the chemical properties of elements in the same group, covering reactions such as alkali metals with water and halogens, as well as changes in oxide nature from ionic to covalent. Equations for reactions of Na2O, MgO, P4O10, and SO3 with water are included.

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Exploring Chemical Properties Across Period 3 Elements

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  1. Periodic Trends • 3.3 Chemical properties • 3.3.1 Discuss the similarities and differences in the chemical properties of elements in the same group. • The following reactions should be covered: • Alkali metals (Li, Na and K) with water • Alkali metals (Li, Na and K) with halogens (Cl2, Br2 and I2) • Halogens (Cl2, Br2 and I2) with halide ions (Cl–, Br– and I–) • 3.3.2 Discuss the changes in nature, from ionic to covalent and from basic to acidic, of the oxides across period 3. • Equations are required for the reactions of Na2O, MgO, P4O10 and SO3with water.

  2. Periodic Trends • Alkali metals (Li, Na and K) react with water • Li(s) + H2O(l) LiOH(aq) + H2(g) + heat • **these reactions produce metal hydroxides which are basic. • Na(s) + H2O(l) NaOH(aq) + H2(g) + HEAT • *the amount of hydrogen along with the amount of heat can lead to the ignition of the hydrogen. • K(s) + H2O(l) KOH (aq) + H2(g) + a LOT of HEAT • *the amount of hydrogen along with the amount of heat doeslead to the ignition of the hydrogen.

  3. Periodic Trends • Alkali metals (Li, Na and K) with halogens (Cl2, Br2 and I2) • (metal with non-metal) • 2 Li(s) + Cl2(g) (+ heat)  2 LiCl(s) + HEAT (somewhat vigorous) • *note: you have to put some energy in to START the reaction (think of striking a match) • 2 Na(s) + Cl2(g) (+ heat)  2 NaCl(s) + LOT of HEAT (vigorous) • (why would this reaction give off more heat and be more vigorous?) • 2 K(s) + Cl2(g) (+ heat)  2 KCl(s)+ LOT of HEAT (very vigorous)

  4. Periodic Trends • Halogens (Cl2, Br2 and I2) with halide ions (Cl–, Br– and I–) • (Displacement reactions) • 2 KBr(aq)+ Cl2(g) 2 KCl(aq) + Br2(aq) (red color) • or • 2 Br-(aq) + Cl2(g) 2 Cl-(aq) + Br2(aq) (red color) • **The more reactive halogendisplaces the ions of the less reactive halogen. • (??How do we know which is more REACTIVE?!?!?) • 2 Br-(aq) + I2(g) No Reaction (why?) • What about: 2 F-(aq) + Br2(g)??? • Nope: But F2(g)+ 2 Br-(aq) 2 F-(aq) + Br2(aq)

  5. Properties of the Third Period Oxides .5

  6. Properties of the Third Period Oxides • Na2O + H2O  2 NaOH • (sodium hydroxide – base) • MgO + H2O  Mg(OH)2 • (magnesium hydroxide) • P4O10 + H2O  H3PO4 • (phosphoric acid) • SO3 + H2O  H2SO4 • (sulfuric acid) .6

  7. Alternate Periodic Tables .7

  8. Alternate Periodic Tables II .8

  9. Alternate Periodic Tables III .9

  10. Alternate Periodic Tables IV

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