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Periodic Trends

Periodic Trends. 3.3 Chemical properties 3.3.1 Discuss the similarities and differences in the chemical properties of elements in the same group. The following reactions should be covered: Alkali metals (Li, Na and K) with water

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Periodic Trends

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  1. Periodic Trends • 3.3 Chemical properties • 3.3.1 Discuss the similarities and differences in the chemical properties of elements in the same group. • The following reactions should be covered: • Alkali metals (Li, Na and K) with water • Alkali metals (Li, Na and K) with halogens (Cl2, Br2 and I2) • Halogens (Cl2, Br2 and I2) with halide ions (Cl–, Br– and I–) • 3.3.2 Discuss the changes in nature, from ionic to covalent and from basic to acidic, of the oxides across period 3. • Equations are required for the reactions of Na2O, MgO, P4O10 and SO3with water.

  2. Periodic Trends • Alkali metals (Li, Na and K) react with water • Li(s) + H2O(l) LiOH(aq) + H2(g) + heat • **these reactions produce metal hydroxides which are basic. • Na(s) + H2O(l) NaOH(aq) + H2(g) + HEAT • *the amount of hydrogen along with the amount of heat can lead to the ignition of the hydrogen. • K(s) + H2O(l) KOH (aq) + H2(g) + a LOT of HEAT • *the amount of hydrogen along with the amount of heat doeslead to the ignition of the hydrogen.

  3. Periodic Trends • Alkali metals (Li, Na and K) with halogens (Cl2, Br2 and I2) • (metal with non-metal) • 2 Li(s) + Cl2(g) (+ heat)  2 LiCl(s) + HEAT (somewhat vigorous) • *note: you have to put some energy in to START the reaction (think of striking a match) • 2 Na(s) + Cl2(g) (+ heat)  2 NaCl(s) + LOT of HEAT (vigorous) • (why would this reaction give off more heat and be more vigorous?) • 2 K(s) + Cl2(g) (+ heat)  2 KCl(s)+ LOT of HEAT (very vigorous)

  4. Periodic Trends • Halogens (Cl2, Br2 and I2) with halide ions (Cl–, Br– and I–) • (Displacement reactions) • 2 KBr(aq)+ Cl2(g) 2 KCl(aq) + Br2(aq) (red color) • or • 2 Br-(aq) + Cl2(g) 2 Cl-(aq) + Br2(aq) (red color) • **The more reactive halogendisplaces the ions of the less reactive halogen. • (??How do we know which is more REACTIVE?!?!?) • 2 Br-(aq) + I2(g) No Reaction (why?) • What about: 2 F-(aq) + Br2(g)??? • Nope: But F2(g)+ 2 Br-(aq) 2 F-(aq) + Br2(aq)

  5. Properties of the Third Period Oxides .5

  6. Properties of the Third Period Oxides • Na2O + H2O  2 NaOH • (sodium hydroxide – base) • MgO + H2O  Mg(OH)2 • (magnesium hydroxide) • P4O10 + H2O  H3PO4 • (phosphoric acid) • SO3 + H2O  H2SO4 • (sulfuric acid) .6

  7. Alternate Periodic Tables .7

  8. Alternate Periodic Tables II .8

  9. Alternate Periodic Tables III .9

  10. Alternate Periodic Tables IV

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