Anthem by Ayn Rand

1. Anthem by Ayn Rand

2. Journal Write Challenge, defend, or qualify the following quote. Structure your response using deductive reasoning (claim, data, backing) or inductive reasoning (backing, data, claim). “Human history begins with man's act of disobedience which is at the very same time the beginning of his freedom and development of his reason.” Erich Fromm

3. Humanism “I worship individuals for their highest possibilities as individuals, and I loathe humanity, for its failure to live up to these possibilities.” Ayn Rand

4. Origin & Definition • Humanism is derived from the Latin term humanitas, meaning “the development of human virtue, in all its forms, to its fullest extent” (Britannica Encyclopedia). • Humanism came about during the Renaissance in pursuing the study of rhetoric, literature, moral philosophy, etc. • Over the course of the movement, humanism came to be a rejection of religious beliefs, centering on humans and their values, capacities, and worth (Oxford English Dictionary). • Self-realization is achieved through reason, not faith

7. Which one is a humanist? Theist Deist Atheist I do not believe in a God. I believe in one God or many. I believe in a God who created man and then stepped back.

8. Works Cited • Sosa, Chris. “Don’t Call Me a Humanist.” Huffington Post, 2014. Web. 22 January 2014. • “Humanism.” Def. 1. Oxford English Dictionary, 2013. Web. 22 January 2014. • “Humanism.” Def. 1. Britannica Encyclopedia, 2014. Web. 22 January 2014.

9. Is it possible to appreciate Anthem as a work of literature without agreeing with it as a work of philosophy? Is it possible to agree with some of its moral message while rejecting the egoism?

10. A3

11. Romanticism By Dillon Park

12. What is it? It is the idea of all humans having a sense of volition. Volition is the faculty or power of using one's will.

13. Origins. It originated in Europe in the late 18th century and doesn't deal in the love aspect of the word. Other then in the art or other things inspired by the time.

14. Ideals and Ideas The ideals of romanticism is spirit in thought, expression and action. Everyone has a will and the ability to use it.

15. Work Sited Slide "Romanticism." The Free Dictionary. Farlex, n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. "Browse Now . . ." Ayn Rand Lexicon. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. Google.com “volition”

16. ID and Superego By Elizabeth Pymm

17. ID • According to Merriam-Webster Id is defined as: psychology : a part of a person’s unconscious mind that relates to basic needs or desires.

18. Superego • Superego is described as: psychology : a part of a person’s mind that relates to attitudes about what is right and wrong and to feelings of guilt.

19. Origin • Id- This concept was created by Sigmund Freud in 1923. He found that id was the impulsive and unconscious part of our psyche that responds directly to our instincts. For instance, the personality of a newborn child is id and only later do they develop ego and superego. • Superego- This concept was also created by Freud in 1923. The purpose of the superego is to control the natural impulse of the id. The superego includes the values and beliefs which are learned from one’s parents and others. It usually develops around the ages of 4-5. Freud divided mental life into three provinces the “id”, “ego”, and “superego”. He created this idea while under the direction of physiology professor Ernst Brückein Vienna.

20. Iceberg Analogy A mind is like an iceberg. The part that we are aware of is only a small percentage of it’s actual capacity. The part we can control is made up of the ego and superego. The larger part we have no control over is made up of all three with the larger parts being superego and id.

21. Boeree, C. George, Dr. "Sigmund Freud." Sigmund Freud. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2014."Id." Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2014.McLeod, S. A. (2008). Id, Ego and Superego. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/psyche.htmlRamachandran, V. S. "Id, Ego, and Superego." Encyclopedia of Human Behavior. San Diego, CA: Academic, 1994. 1. Print."Superego." Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2014.Travels, Leah. "Spain, Sadness, and a Struggle." Leahtravels.com. N.p., 30 Sept. 2012. Web. 27 Jan. 2014."Uranus Direct: Surrender The SuperEgo." Moonkissd by Jessica. Uranus Direct, 11 Dec. 2012. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. Works Cited

22. Individualism

23. “Do not make the mistake of the ignorant who think that an individualist is a man who says: ‘I’ll do as I please at everybody else’s expense.’ An individualist is a man who recognizes the inalienable individual rights of man—his own and those of others. An individualist is a man who says: ‘I will not run anyone’s life—nor let anyone run mine. I will not rule nor be ruled. I will not be a master nor a slave. I will not sacrifice myself to anyone—nor sacrifice anyone to myself’” (Textbook or Americanism 84)

24. The belief that the needs of each person are more important than the needs of the whole society or group (Individualism) • The habit or principle of being independent and self-reliant (Definition of Individualism)

25. Following the French Revolution, individualism was used in France to signify the sources of social closure and anarchy and the elevation of individual interests above those of the group (Lukes). • In Germany, the ideas of individual uniqueness and self-realization contributed to the cult of individual genius (Lukes). • In England, individualism encompassed religious nonconformity (Lukes). • In the United States, individualism became part of the core American ideology by the 19th century, incorporating the influences of New England Puritanism, Jeffersonianism, and the philosophy of natural rights(Lukes).

26. “The mind is an attribute of the individual. There is no such thing as a collective brain. There is no such thing as a collective thought. An agreement reached by a group of men is only a compromise or an average drawn upon many individual thoughts. It is a secondary consequence. The primary act—the process of reason—must be performed by each man alone. We can divide a meal among many men. We cannot digest it in a collective stomach. No man can use his lungs to breathe for another man. No man can use his brain to think for another. All the functions of body and spirit are private. They cannot be shared or transferred”

27. Continued… “We inherit the products of the thought of other men. We inherit the wheel. We make a cart. The cart becomes an automobile. The automobile becomes an airplane. But all through the process what we receive from others is only the end product of their thinking. The moving force is the creative faculty which takes this product as material, uses it and originates the next step. This creative faculty cannot be given or received, shared or borrowed. It belongs to single, individual men. That which it creates is the property of the creator. Men learn from one another. But all learning is only the exchange of material. No man can give another the capacity to think. Yet that capacity is our only means of survival” (For the New Intellectual 78).

28. Works Cited “Definition of Individualism in English." Individualism: Definition of Individualism in Oxford Dictionary (American English) (US). N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2014. “Individualism." Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2014. Lukes, Steven M. “Individualism (politics and Philosophy)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2014. Rand , Ayn. “For the New Intellect.” Ayn Rand Lexicon. 2014. Web. 26 Jan. 2014. Rand, Ayn. “Textbook of Americanism." Ayn Rand Lexicon. 2014. Web. 26 Jan. 2014.

29. Altruism Olivia Bird

30. Definition Many would consider altruism the unselfish regard for the needs of others, or behavior that is beneficial to others. According to Ayn Rand, altruism is the belief that man has no right to exist unless he devotes himself to serving others. Altruism is the opposite of egoism.

31. Origin The word altruism comes from the French altruisme, which comes from the Old French altrui meaning “of or to others” or the Latin alterior alter meaning “other” The word altruism was coined around 1830-1850, supposedly by the French philosopher Auguste Comte.

32. Analogy I'm someone that needs money. Altruism as most people see it would be that you should give the person money to help them. According to Ayn Rand, Altruistic people believe that man has no right to exist unless they do give the person money. Supposedly, altruism isn’t a question of whether or not you should give money to those in need. It is a question of whether or not you have the right to exist without giving them money. Most people would say that we do. Altruistic people would say no.

33. Works Cited "Altruism." Ayn Rand Lexicon. Ayn Rand Institute, 2014. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. "Altruism." Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, 2014. Web. 25 Jan. 2014. Harper, Douglas. "Online Etymology Dictionary." Online Etymology Dictionary. Online Etymology Dictionary, 2001-2013. Web. 27 Jan. 2014.

34. Egoism JD Wells

35. Ayn Rand definition • “(Selfishness) represents a devastating intellectual “package-deal,” which is responsible, more than any other single factor, for the arrested moral development of mankind....(selfishness) is a synonym of evil; the image it conjures is of a murderous brute who tramples over piles of corpses to achieve his own ends, who cares for no living being and pursues nothing but the gratification of the mindless whims of any immediate moment”(Binswanger).

36. Marriam-Webster definition • “A doctrine that individual self-interest is the actual motive of all conscious action” (Marriam-Webster).

37. Origin • The word “egoism” was formed in the late 18th century. The word originates from the Latin ‘ego’ (‘I’), the first person singular pronoun.

38. Kanye West: lyrics that portray egoism • “I'm living in the 21st century doin' something mean to itDo it better then anybody you ever seen do itScreams from the haters, got a nice ring to itI guess every superhero need his theme music” (West). • These lyrics portray Kanye West as egotistic because he calls himself a “superhero” and says he does it better then anyone else (whatever “it” is).

39. Kanye’s reaction Kanye West: lyrics that portray egoism. SNL Example Another example that involves egoism involves the hit comedy SNL (Saturday Night Live). This show is notorious for poking fun at famous figures. The show preformed a skit where the actor that portrayed Kanye West acted extremely egotistical. The actor called himself a “god” and a “genius” and become infuriated when other actors mocked him. In one of Kanye’s songs following the skit, he stated the following: “F**k SNL and the whole cast. Tell them Yeezy said they can kiss my whole a**” (West). • Kanye acts like a stereotypical egotist, where he cannot bear being mocked or humiliated.

40. Works Cited • "Kanye West Lyrics." AZlyrics.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. • Binswanger, Harry, and Leonard Peikoff. "Selfishness." Aynrandlexicon.com. Ayn Rand Institute, n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. • "Definition of Egoism in English:." Egoism: Definition of Egoism in Oxford Dictionary (American English) (US). Oxford Dictionaries, n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2014 • "Egoism.“ Def. 1a.Merriam-Webster Oniline. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2014.

41. Agency Josh Johnson A3 1/28/2014

42. Denotation Agency • “the capacity, condition, or state of acting or of exerting power”(Merriam-Webster). • “a thing or person that acts to produce a particular result” (Oxford Dictionary of English).

43. Denotation According to Ayn Rand, agency, or free will, is described as follows: “That which you call your soul or spirit is your consciousness, and that which you call “free will” is your mind’s freedom to think or not, the only will you have, your only freedom, the choice that controls all the choices you make and determines your life and your character…”

44. Origin The word “agency” was first used in the mid 17th century and is derived from the medieval Latin term agentia, or agent, meaning “doing” (Oxford Dictionary of English). Thus, this shows that “agency” is not only an idea, but a practice.

45. Speculation As suggested by Libertarianism, “Agency determines everything” (“Theories of Agency). Similarly, the theory of the Bounded circle of Agency states that “[the agency of individuals is] absolutely constrained beyond a certain boundary, absolutely free or devolving upon the individual within it” (“Theories of Agency”).

46. Speculation Karl Marx also analyzes agency when he says: "Men make history, but they do not make it just as they please“ (“Theories of Agency”). However, this conjecture has been interpreted in several ways. Those who follow Marx’s Humanist ideas “believe in a limited but critical role for will and agency in choosing a revolutionary moment.” In contrast, followers of his Scientific theories “[believe] in the structural inevitability of revolution.” Fate decides all, and agency has no role whatsoever. If a revolution occurs, it was bound to happen because of premeditation, not the choices of individuals (“Theories of Agency”).

47. Speculation “That which [man’s] survival requires is set by his nature and is not open to his choice. What is open to his choice is only whether he will discover it or not, whether he will choose the right goals and values or not. He is free to make the wrong choice, but not free to succeed with it. He is free to evade reality, he is free to unfocus his mind and stumble blindly down any road he pleases, but not free to avoid the abyss he refuses to see. Knowledge, for any conscious organism, is the means of survival; to a living consciousness, every “is” implies an “ought.” Man is free to choose not to be conscious, but not free to escape the penalty of unconsciousness: destruction. Man is the only living species that has the power to act as his own destroyer—and that is the way he has acted through most of his history” (Rand).

48. “Free Will”

49. “Free Will”

50. Analogy “…The potential is a superlative machine: his consciousness; but it is a machine without a spark plug, a machine of which his own will has to be the spark plug, the self-starter and the driver; he has to discover how to use it and he has to keep it in constant action. The material is the whole of the universe, with no limits set to the knowledge he can acquire and to the enjoyment of life he can achieve. …” (Rand).