What is Software ?

1. What is Software ? • Non-Physical ---- it is “logical” --- or is it? • what attributes should we use to describe software ? • All of, some of, or only one of the following: • Source Code: logic , screens, tables, etc. • Executable Code (compiled and bound) • Requirements Specification Documents • Design Documents • Plans : test plan, project plan, etc. • Test Scenarios and Test Cases • Development Process (with/without tools)

2. Software Engineering ( how related?) • Set of specific skills and knowledge applied to the development and service of software “artifacts” • Process of activities applied to the development and service of software artifacts. • Characterizing and modeling software and relating them to skills, knowledge, activities, etc. your thoughts?

3. Software Engineering Internal Product Structure & Properties What structure and properties should the product have in order to attain the desired, external properties ? What process & methodology can we devise and use to develop the internal structure and size ? External Product or Project Properties Processes & Methodologies What set of product properties will require which process and which methodologies ?

4. General Management • What is management ? • Applying various techniques to attain the end goal (Assumes that there are clearly stated goals!) • ‘Providing’ an environment that helps in creating the desired end results in an efficient* manner. • ‘Applying’ the needed resources to achieve the desired results in an efficient* manner. • ‘Providing and applying’ a set of processes that develops an environment where people (resources) produce the desired end results in an efficient* manner “not enough to just complete the Project” * Is efficiencya goal? Is it defined? Does the team understand it? Can you measureit?

5. Management : Science orArt? • Management is either or both? • Science: based on known management “principles” and “techniques” • Principles: are descriptive and possibly predictive • Example: “Efficiency gain is achieved through multiple means: tools, process, training, and motivation” • Techniques: are mostly prescriptive • Example: i) Set aside enough funding in the budget to buy the needed tools and ii) purchase the tool in a timely manner, iii) followed by training the people to use the tools and iv) “praise” them for completing the training on time. • Art :application of these principles and techniques • dependent on the situations --- there may be infinite situations • dependent on the manager’s own style and preference

6. Often Asked: Managers = Leaders ? • Difference between Managers and Leaders? • Leaders : have and are committed to a vision/direction. • Leaders -> Managers:inspire others to followthe direction of the vision/direction • Managers: plan, organize and direct the activities towards achieving the vision and direction. • i) Managers may be Leaders ---- but may not be. • ii) Leaders are sometimes managers --- but may not be

7. A View of Management System Feedback Outputs/ Outcomes Inputs Applying Management Techniques/Principles &Resources plan products services debt* money happy/spent* people etc. policies techniques people requirements capital etc. * not all output is positive – example?

8. Software Project Management • Applying the “appropriate” resources & utilizing the “appropriate management” principles & techniques to produce software artifacts and services: • in a timely manner • in a cost effective manner • satisfying the requirements (functional and non-functional --- completeness & consistency) • *** Motivated & happy employees*** (fall 2012 class) • *** thereby satisfying the users/customers • *** thereby also satisfying the “total” constituents And any other more specific goals that you may want to add - - - -

9. Your Definition of Project Management ?

10. Some Earlier Class Definitions of “Project Management” • Making sure that there is a process in place for efficient completion of the project – fall 2005 • Use the right tools, techniques, methodologies, people, policy, etc. to complete the project with less effort, time, and cost – spring 2006 • Project management is a process which involves the acquisition of correct resources to achieve the end goal. – spring 2007 • Ability to efficiently apply process and resources! – fall 2010 ( ---- to achieve the desired results-------) • Setting & meeting goals by keeping a happy team that knows how to use their tools which you provided --- and then giving beer! - fall 2011 • Managing all aspects of a project in order to complete the project efficiently and successfully --- fall 2012

11. Role of the Project Manager ? • The “super developer” who gives directions to others and, if the project is in jeopardy, performs the tasks himself/herself. (e.g. chief programming team – small team) • The “super planner” who understands the project, i) solicits everyone’s inputs, ii) plans, iii) ensures adequate resources are available, and iv) controls the project --- but never performs any of the actual task himself/herself. • The “inspirational leader” who coerces everyone to perform and to give the individual’s at most effort. *** Your thoughts ? The business world is changing and many people are “managing” projects (versus managing organizations).

12. Major Phases of Project Managementvia (POMA) • 4 Phases of Project Management • (POMA) Planning • (POMA) Organizing • (POMA) Monitoring • (POMA) Adjusting • All managers are “involved” in these phases --- it is a matter of degree. • Higher management are more into planning & organizing • Lower management are more involved in monitoring and adjusting ---- sometimes this looks & feels like “fire fighting”

13. A Management Process the P-O-M-A process Planning Organizing Monitoring Adjusting

14. Planning • What goes into planning? • Goals, Deliverables, Cost, Schedule, etc. • How long (how much detail) should the plan be? • Who pays for the plan? A little hint for later : WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) is involved

15. Organizing • What are we organizing? • How much do we have to organize and when do we start organizing? WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) may be further performed and refined

16. Monitor (control) • What are the items that need to be monitored? • How often do we monitor? • What do we do with the monitored information? • Are there things that pop up without monitoring?

17. Adjust • Are we allowed to adjust? • What can / should we adjust? • How often should we adjust?

18. Now ------ Can You • Articulate the difference between software development process and software management process ? • Define and discuss the various attributes of project management? • Discuss the 4 major software project management phases?