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International Maritime Organization and How it works.

International Maritime Organization and How it works. Edward Kleverlaan IMO Technical Officer Marine Environment Division. International Maritime Organization. Specialized United Nations agency ‘Safe, secure and efficient shipping on clean oceans’

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International Maritime Organization and How it works.

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  1. International Maritime Organizationand How it works. Edward Kleverlaan IMO Technical Officer Marine Environment Division

  2. International Maritime Organization • Specialized United Nations agency ‘Safe, secure and efficient shipping on clean oceans’ • Is the competent international organization for regulating shipping matters (e.g. UNCLOS Art 211) • Maintains balance between protection of the environment and navigation rights

  3. Global coverage • 168 Member States • All major ship owning nations • All major port & coastal states • Industry Peak bodies, and, • IGOs and NGOs

  4. Headquarters in London – United Kingdom

  5. Headquarters in London – United Kingdom

  6. International Maritime Organization • Develops global regulations - maintain safety and security of international shipping and to prevent marine pollution from ships • Involved in creating liability and compensation regimes • Adopts instruments (legislation) and guidelines at the intergovernmental level • Member Governments are responsible for implementing and enforcing the adopted regulatory framework.

  7. Instruments • Conventions or Protocols • Amendments to Conventions or Protocols • Resolutions, Codes, Guidelines, Recommendations, etc. • The phases from adoption to implementation and enforcement: • Adoption, after discussion in IMO • Entry into force internationally • Implementation (by flag States) • Enforcement (by port and coastal States)

  8. IMO at work • Assembly • Council Committees • Maritime Safety • Marine Environment Protection • Legal • Technical Cooperation • Facilitation

  9. Key Committees • Maritime Safety Committee • Safety pre-eminent importance • Navigation • Marine Environment Protection Committee • Focus pollution prevention and reposnse • Biological concerns with aquatic nuisance species transferred through ballast water and biofouling • Individual animal issues • Ship strikes of right whales

  10. Sub-Committees • Bulk Liquid and Gases • Carriage of Dangerous Goods, Solid Cargoes and Containers • Fire Protection • Flag State Implementation • Safety of Navigation • Ship Design and Equipment • Stability, Load Lines and Fishing Vessel Safety • Standards of Training and Watchkeeping

  11. ASSEMBLY 168 Member States, meets every 2 years COUNCIL 40 States, every 6 months MEPC TCC FAL MSC LEG SUB-COMMITTEES SLF STW FP DE COMSAR NAV DSC BLG FSI

  12. Progress of measures at IMO - example Proposal to IMO Committee Incident Idea, development Discussion, refer to Sub-Committee, Working Group Development of draft Regulation, circular, Code or resolution Adoption of new regulation

  13. Respective Roles IMO - Develop safety and environment standards Governments - Implement/Enforce the standards Classification Societies - Survey and Certification Shipping Companies - Apply the standards to their ships Shipboard Personnel - Putting standards into operation

  14. Application to real ships

  15. Application to real ships • More than 50 IMO Conventions • More than 100 protocols, guidelines, recommendations etc • Almost every aspect of shipping covered: Design Construction Equipment Maintenance Crew Discharges/emissions

  16. Safety and security • SOLAS (Safety of life at sea) • STCW (Training/Watch keeping) • Load lines (Cargo safety limits) • COLREGS (Collision avoidance) • SUA (Suppression of Unlawful Acts) • ISPS Code (Port Security)

  17. Pollution prevention • MARPOL 73/78 • Intervention 69/73 • London Dumping 72 and Protocol 96 • Anti-fouling 2001 • Ballast water management 2004 • Wreck removal 2004 • Ship Recycling 2009

  18. Search and rescue/pollution response and compensation • SAR • OPRC (oil) - • OPRC-HNS Protocol • Liability and Compensation – CLC; FUND; BUNKER; HNS Conv

  19. Uptake across the world • SOLAS 98.79% world tonnage • COLREGS 98.50% • STCW 98.77% • MARPOL(I&II) 98.34% • MARPOL(97 Prot) 74.73% • OPRC 90 65.17% • OPRC-HNS 17.83% • AFSC 01 62.69%

  20. Remember IMO instruments to protect the marine environment from shipping are: • SOLAS, COLREGS (safety) • MARPOL (operational/accidental discharges) • Intervention Convention (threats to coast) • Anti-fouling Systems Convention (toxic chemicals) • Ballast Water Management Convention (invasive species) • OPRC (& HNS) – (oil/chemical spill) and the London Convention/Protocol (dumping at sea of wastes)

  21. MARPOL • 6 annexes cover ship-generated pollution (oil, NLS, Sewage, Garbage and air emissions) • Ensures ships are adequately designed, equipped, certified and inspected • Requires States to deal with wastes – reception facilities • Applies to all ships (oil and gas exploration exempted)

  22. AFS – Convention (2001) • AIM: to reduce or eliminate adverse effects on the marine environment and human health caused by anti-fouling systems • Convention entered into force on 17 September 2008

  23. Ballast Water Management Convention (2004) AIM: Prevent, minimize and ultimately eliminate the risks to the environment, ……. arising from the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens. ….through the control and management of ships’ ballast water and sediments, …. Convention is not yet in force

  24. OPRC Convention and the OPRC-HNS Protocol • Basic Obligations under OPRC and Regional Agreement: • Establish and maintain a national response system • Exchange of information • Early notification/Reporting • Mutual assistance

  25. London Convention Promote the effective control of all sources of marine pollution Contracting Parties shall take effective measures to prevent pollution of the marine environment caused by dumping at sea. 1996 Protocol Protect the marine environment from all sources of pollution Contracting Parties shall take effective measures to prevent, reduce and where practicable eliminate marine pollution caused by dumping or incineration of wastes at sea.

  26. Other International Agreements to protect marine environment: • Land-based pollution • Basel Convention 1989 • Global Programme of Action 1995 • Atmospheric pollution • Kyoto Protocol 1992 • Stockholm Convention 2001

  27. Interplay between international agreements Atmospheric inputs Sea-based inputs Land-based inputs UNFCCC- Kyoto Biodiversity UNCLOS GPA POP Basel IMO ICRI Regional agreements MARPOL,OPRC, BWM, AFSC, etc Healthy oceans

  28. Summary IMO • Is a specialized UN agency • Develops global regulations to ensure that shipping is safe, secure, efficient and environmentally friendly • With a global coverage for a truly global industry and the community as a whole

  29. Thank you for your attention Any questions!

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